@article {pmid39681213,
year = {2024},
author = {Liu, X and Tan, X and Yu, Y and Niu, J and Zhao, B and Wang, Q},
title = {Short chain fatty acids mediates complement C1q pathway alleviation of perioperative neurocognitive disorders.},
journal = {Neuropharmacology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {110266},
doi = {10.1016/j.neuropharm.2024.110266},
pmid = {39681213},
issn = {1873-7064},
abstract = {Perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PND) is one of the most common postoperative complications, which can lead to a harmful impact on self-dependence, longer hospital stays, increased medical costs, morbidity, and mortality amongst older adults. Microglia can modulate synapse elimination involved in the complement component protein 1q (C1q) pathway to induce cognitive dysfunction, which is significantly improved by short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) treatment. Here we investigate the effects of SCFAs treatment on PND via mediating C1q complement pathway. High-throughput sequencing of 16S rDNA from fecal samples of male SD rats was applied to assess the changes in gut microbiota. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) was performed to investigate whether gut microbiota from PND rats could alter cognitive impairment. The blood from the rat tail vein was collected to measure the SCFAs concentrations. Hippocampal and brain tissue samples were obtained to perform Western blots, Golgi and immunofluorescence staining. Primary microglia treated with SCFAs or Histone deacetylase inhibitor were cultured to measure microglial activation states and the expression of acetylated histone. The 16S rDNA sequencing results showed that PND rats had the significant changes in the species diversity of the gut microbiota and the metabolite of specifc species. Gut microbiota from PND rats could alter spatial learning and memory, and meanwhile, the changed SCFAs concentrations in plasma were involved. The synapse elimination in PND rats was strikingly reversed by SCFAs treatment involved in modulation complement C1q via suppressing neuroinflammation. This suggests that a link between gut microbiota dysbiosis and cognitive function impairment is involved in synapse elimination via mediating complement C1q pathway. SCFAs treatment can alleviate PND, the mechanisms of which may be associated with regulating complement C1q pathway.},
}

@article {pmid39680691,
year = {2024},
author = {Yang, JC and Lagishetty, V and Aja, E and Arias-Jayo, N and Chang, C and Hauer, M and Katzka, W and Zhou, Y and Sedighian, F and Koletic, C and Liang, F and Dong, TS and Situ, J and Troutman, R and Buri, H and Bhute, S and Simpson, CA and Braun, J and Jacob, N and Jacobs, JP},
title = {Biogeographical distribution of gut microbiome composition and function is partially recapitulated by fecal transplantation into germ-free mice.},
journal = {The ISME journal},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/ismejo/wrae250},
pmid = {39680691},
issn = {1751-7370},
abstract = {Fecal microbiota transplantation has been vital for establishing whether host phenotypes can be conferred through the microbiome. However, whether the existing microbial ecology along the mouse gastrointestinal tract can be recapitulated in germ-free mice colonized with stool remains unknown. We first identified microbes and their predicted functions specific to each of six intestinal regions in three cohorts of specific pathogen-free mice spanning two facilities. Of these region-specific microbes, the health-linked genus Akkermansia was consistently enriched in the lumen of the small intestine compared to the colon. Predictive functional modeling on 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing data recapitulated in shotgun sequencing data revealed increased microbial central metabolism, lipolytic fermentation, and cross-feeding in the small intestine, whereas butyrate synthesis was colon-enriched. Neuroactive compound metabolism also demonstrated regional specificity, including small intestine-enriched gamma-aminobutyric acid degradation and colon-enriched tryptophan degradation. Specifically, the jejunum and ileum stood out as sites with high predicted metabolic and neuromodulation activity. Differences between luminal and mucosal microbiomes within each site of the gastrointestinal tract were largely facility-specific, though there were a few consistent patterns in microbial metabolism in specific pathogen-free mice. These included luminal enrichment of central metabolism and cross-feeding within both the small intestine and the colon, and mucosal enrichment of butyrate synthesis within the colon. Across three cohorts of germ-free mice colonized with mice or human stool, compositional and functional region specificity were inconsistently reproduced. These results underscore the importance of investigating the spatial variation of the gut microbiome to better understand its impact on host physiology.},
}

@article {pmid39680624,
year = {2024},
author = {Zuo, H and Jiang, W and Gao, J and Ma, Z and Li, C and Peng, Y and Jin, J and Zhan, X and Lv, W and Liu, X and Hu, J and Zhang, M and Jia, Y and Xu, Z and Tang, J and Zheng, R and Zuo, B},
title = {SYISL Knockout Promotes Embryonic Muscle Development of Offspring by Modulating Maternal Gut Microbiota and Fetal Myogenic Cell Dynamics.},
journal = {Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e2410953},
doi = {10.1002/advs.202410953},
pmid = {39680624},
issn = {2198-3844},
support = {32221005//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 31900448//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 2021YFA0805903//National Key Research and Development Program of China/ ; 2021CFA018//Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province/ ; 2021-620-000-001-030//Agricultural Innovation Fund of Hubei Province/ ; 2022ESOF007//Open Fund of Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research/ ; 2023ZD04072//Biological Breeding-National Science and Technology Major Project/ ; },
abstract = {Embryonic muscle fiber formation determines post-birth muscle fiber totals. The previous research shows SYISL knockout significantly increases muscle fiber numbers and mass in mice, but the mechanism remains unclear. This study confirms that the SYISL gene, maternal gut microbiota, and their interaction significantly affect the number of muscle fibers in mouse embryos through distinct mechanisms, as SYISL knockout alters maternal gut microbiota composition and boosts butyrate levels in embryonic serum. Both fecal microbiota transplantation and butyrate feeding significantly increase muscle fiber numbers in offspring, with butyrate inhibiting histone deacetylases and increasing histone acetylation in embryonic muscle. Combined analysis of RNA-seq between wild-type and SYISL knockout mice with ChIP-seq for H3K9ac and H3K27ac reveals that SYISL and maternal microbiota interaction regulates myogenesis via the butyrate-HDAC-H3K9ac/H3K27ac pathway. Furthermore, scRNA-seq analysis shows that SYISL knockout alone significantly increases the number and proportion of myogenic cells and their dynamics, independently of regulating histone acetylation levels. Cell communication analysis suggests that this may be due to the downregulation of signaling pathways such as MSTN and TGFβ. Overall, multiple pathways are highlighted through which SYISL influences embryonic muscle development, offering valuable insights for treating muscle diseases and improving livestock production.},
}

@article {pmid39679941,
year = {2024},
author = {Wu, Q and Wang, J and Tu, C and Chen, P and Deng, Y and Yu, L and Xu, X and Fang, X and Li, W},
title = {Gut microbiota of patients insusceptible to olanzapine-induced fatty liver disease relieves hepatic steatosis in rat.},
journal = {American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1152/ajpgi.00167.2024},
pmid = {39679941},
issn = {1522-1547},
support = {82173903//MOST | National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)/ ; 81903686//Natural Science Foundation for Young Scientists of Shanxi Province (Young Scientists Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China)/ ; },
abstract = {Olanzapine-induced fatty liver disease continues to pose vital therapeutic challenges in the treatment of psychiatric disorders. In addition, we observed that some patients were less prone to hepatic steatosis induced by olanzapine. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the role and the underlying mechanism of the intestinal flora in olanzapine-mediated hepatic side effects and explore the possible countermeasures. Our results showed that patients with different susceptibilities to olanzapine-induced fatty liver disease had different gut microbial diversity and composition. Furthermore, we performed fecal microbiota treatment (FMT), and confirmed that the gut microbiome of patients less prone to the fatty liver caused by olanzapine exhibited an alleviation against fatty liver disease in rats. In terms of mechanism, we revealed that the crosstalk of leptin with the gut-short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-liver axis play a critical role in olanzapine-related fatty degeneration in liver. These findings propose a promising strategy for overcoming the issues associated with olanzapine application and will hopefully inspire future in-depth research of fecal microbiota-based therapy in olanzapine-induced fatty liver disease.},
}

@article {pmid39679465,
year = {2024},
author = {Wang, M and Ma, Y and Zeng, B and Yang, W and Huang, C and Tang, B},
title = {Influence of the Gut Microbiota, Metabolism and Environment on Neuropsychiatric Disorders.},
journal = {Current reviews in clinical and experimental pharmacology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.2174/0127724328335219241202142003},
pmid = {39679465},
issn = {2772-4336},
abstract = {The two-way communication between intestinal microbiota and the central nervous system (the microbiota-gut-brain axis) is involved in the regulation of brain function, neurodevelopment, and aging. The microbiota-gut-brain axis dysfunction may be a predisposition factor for Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), Autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and other neurological diseases. However, it is not clear whether gut microbiota dysfunction contributes to neuropsychiatric disorders. Changes in the gut microbiota may modulate or modify the effects of environmental factors on neuropsychiatric disorders. Factors that impact neuropsychiatric disorders also influence the gut microbiota, including diet patterns, exercise, stress and functional gastrointestinal disorders. These factors change microbiome composition and function, along with the metabolism and immune responses that cause neuropsychiatric disorders. In this review, we summarized epidemiological and laboratory evidence for the influence of the gut microbiota, metabolism and environmental factors on neuropsychiatric disorders incidence and outcomes. Furthermore, the role of gut microbiota in the two-way interaction between the gut and the brain was also reviewed, including the vagus nerve, microbial metabolism, and immuno-inflammatory responses. We also considered the therapeutic strategies that target gut microbiota in the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders, including prebiotics, probiotics, Fecal microbiota transplant (FMT), and antibiotics. Based on these data, possible strategies for microbiota-targeted intervention could improve people's lives and prevent neuropsychiatric disorders in the future.},
}

@article {pmid39679306,
year = {2024},
author = {Hasnaoui, A and Trigui, R and Giuffrida, M},
title = {Gut microbiota and mesenteric adipose tissue interactions in shaping phenotypes and treatment strategies for Crohn's disease.},
journal = {World journal of gastroenterology},
volume = {30},
number = {46},
pages = {4969-4976},
pmid = {39679306},
issn = {2219-2840},
mesh = {*Crohn Disease/microbiology/immunology/therapy ; Humans ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome/immunology ; *Dysbiosis/immunology ; *Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ; *Phenotype ; *Mesentery ; Adipose Tissue/immunology/microbiology/metabolism ; Bacterial Translocation ; Cytokines/metabolism ; },
abstract = {In this letter, we commented on the article by Wu et al. We examined the interactions between mesenteric adipose tissue, creeping fat, and gut microbiota in Crohn's disease (CD), a condition marked by chronic gastrointestinal inflammation with a rising global incidence. The pathogenesis of CD involves complex genetic, environmental, and microbial factors. Dysbiosis, which is an imbalance in gut microbial communities, is frequently observed in CD patients, highlighting the pivotal role of the gut microbiota in disease progression and the inflammatory response. Recent studies have shown that mesenteric adipose tissue and creeping fat actively contribute to inflammation by producing proinflammatory cytokines. The relationship between creeping fat and altered microbiota can shift from a potentially protective role to one that encourages bacterial translocation, further complicating disease management. Recent research has suggested that fecal microbiota transplantation could help restore microbial balance, offering a promising therapeutic strategy to improve clinical disease response.},
}

*Crohn Disease/microbiology/immunology/therapy
Humans
*Gastrointestinal Microbiome/immunology
*Dysbiosis/immunology
*Fecal Microbiota Transplantation
*Phenotype
*Mesentery
Adipose Tissue/immunology/microbiology/metabolism
Bacterial Translocation
Cytokines/metabolism

@article {pmid39265742,
year = {2025},
author = {Herner, A and Nennstiel, S and Ramser, M and Turina, M and Schlag, C},
title = {New therapeutic approach for anastomotic leaks after ileoanal J-pouch construction in patients with ulcerative colitis.},
journal = {Gastrointestinal endoscopy},
volume = {101},
number = {1},
pages = {222-223},
doi = {10.1016/j.gie.2024.09.004},
pmid = {39265742},
issn = {1097-6779},
}

@article {pmid39679283,
year = {2024},
author = {Chen, J and Yang, H and Qin, Y and Zhou, X and Ma, Q},
title = {Tryptophan Ameliorates Metabolic Syndrome by Inhibiting Intestinal Farnesoid X Receptor Signaling: The Role of Gut Microbiota-Bile Acid Crosstalk.},
journal = {Research (Washington, D.C.)},
volume = {7},
number = {},
pages = {0515},
pmid = {39679283},
issn = {2639-5274},
abstract = {Background and Aims: Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a progressive metabolic disease characterized by obesity and multiple metabolic disorders. Tryptophan (Trp) is an essential amino acid, and its metabolism is linked to numerous physiological functions and diseases. However, the mechanisms by which Trp affects MS are not fully understood. Methods and Results: In this study, experiments involving a high-fat diet (HFD) and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) were conducted to investigate the role of Trp in regulating metabolic disorders. In a mouse model, Trp supplementation inhibited intestinal farnesoid X receptor (FXR) signaling and promoted hepatic bile acid (BA) synthesis and excretion, accompanied by elevated levels of conjugated BAs and the ratio of non-12-OH to 12-OH BAs in hepatic and fecal BA profiles. As Trp alters the gut microbiota and the abundance of bile salt hydrolase (BSH)-enriched microbes, we collected fresh feces from Trp-supplemented mice and performed FMT and sterile fecal filtrate (SFF) inoculations in HFD-treated mice. FMT and SFF not only displayed lipid-lowering properties but also inhibited intestinal FXR signaling and increased hepatic BA synthesis. This suggests that the gut microbiota play a beneficial role in improving BA metabolism through Trp. Furthermore, fexaramine (a gut-specific FXR agonist) reversed the therapeutic effects of Trp, suggesting that Trp acts through the FXR signaling pathway. Finally, validation in a finishing pig model revealed that Trp improved lipid metabolism, enlarged the hepatic BA pool, and altered numerous glycerophospholipid molecules in the hepatic lipid profile. Conclusion: Our studies suggest that Trp inhibits intestinal FXR signaling mediated by the gut microbiota-BA crosstalk, which in turn promotes hepatic BA synthesis, thereby ameliorating MS.},
}

@article {pmid39679259,
year = {2024},
author = {Feng, M and Zou, Z and Shou, P and Peng, W and Liu, M and Li, X},
title = {Gut microbiota and Parkinson's disease: potential links and the role of fecal microbiota transplantation.},
journal = {Frontiers in aging neuroscience},
volume = {16},
number = {},
pages = {1479343},
pmid = {39679259},
issn = {1663-4365},
abstract = {Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease worldwide and seriously affects the quality of life of elderly patients. PD is characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra as well as abnormal accumulation of α-synuclein in neurons. Recent research has deepened our understanding of the gut microbiota, revealing that it participates in the pathological process of PD through the gut-brain axis, suggesting that the gut may be the source of PD. Therefore, studying the relationship between gut microbiota and PD is crucial for improving our understanding of the disease's prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. In this review, we first describe the bidirectional regulation of the gut-brain axis by the gut microbiota and the mechanisms underlying the involvement of gut microbiota and their metabolites in PD. We then summarize the different species of gut microbiota found in patients with PD and their correlations with clinical symptoms. Finally, we review the most comprehensive animal and human studies on treating PD through fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), discussing the challenges and considerations associated with this treatment approach.},
}

@article {pmid39677507,
year = {2024},
author = {Li, Y and Xiao, P and Ding, H and Wang, H and Xu, Q and Wang, R and Zheng, L and Song, X and Wang, Y and Zhang, T},
title = {Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in Children with Autism.},
journal = {Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment},
volume = {20},
number = {},
pages = {2391-2400},
pmid = {39677507},
issn = {1176-6328},
abstract = {PURPOSE: This research aimed to explore the clinical efficacy of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in treating children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).

METHODS: In this single-arm prospective study, every participant received FMT therapy, followed by an 8-week follow-up. Children unable to swallow lyophilized capsules (Caps) received fecal solution through transendoscopic enteral tube (TET) or nasal jejunal tube (NJT) approaches. All participants underwent assessments of ASD core symptoms, gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms and sleep status initially, after treatment and during follow-up. The study outcomes included the changes in scores of the Autism Behavior Checklist (ABC), Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS), Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS), Gastrointestinal Symptoms Rating Scale (GSRS) and Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children (SDSC), as well as the adverse events (AEs).

RESULTS: 98 participants were involved, consisting of 80 males and 18 females, with a median age of 7 years. 73 children received the FMT in the form of Caps, while 13 patients underwent the procedure through TET and 12 patients via NJT. Improvements were observed in all outcome measures for Caps and NJT groups at both the post-treatment and 8-week follow-up evaluations. Adjusted between-group analyses at post-treatment and follow-up showed that Caps and NJT group had greater reduction in ABC, CARS and SRS scores compared with TET group, while NJT group had greater reduction in SDSC scores compared with Caps and TET group. The incidence of AEs was 8.2% in the Caps group, 23.1% in the TET group, and 8.3% in the NJT group, with no serious AEs reported.

CONCLUSION: FMT treatment can improve the core symptoms, GI symptoms and sleep disturbances in children with ASD. The upper GI tract routes, including Caps and NJT, may be more effective and safe compared to the lower GI tract route of TET.},
}

@article {pmid39674485,
year = {2024},
author = {Ni, Z and Chen, L and Qian, X and Yong, Y and Wu, M and Yihao, L and Li, J and Wang, Y and Li, L and Shao, Y and Chen, A},
title = {Preliminary characterization of Ramaria botrytoides polysaccharide RB-P1-1 and analysis of its hypoglycemic effects by altering the gut microbiota and metabolites in mice with type 2 diabetes mellitus.},
journal = {International journal of biological macromolecules},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {138774},
doi = {10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.138774},
pmid = {39674485},
issn = {1879-0003},
abstract = {Gut microbiota has a symbiotic relationship with the host and is closely linked to the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Polysaccharides are natural bioactive compounds with beneficial effects on T2DM; however, the mechanisms underlying their effects remain unclear. This study investigated the hypoglycemic effects of a purified polysaccharide, RB-P1-1, from Ramaria botrytoides and assessed its association with gut microbiota and metabolite changes using 16S rDNA sequencing and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, respectively. Hypoglycemic effects were evaluated after microbial community restoration via fecal microbiota transplantation. RB-P1-1 significantly improved hyperglycemia profiles and reshaped gut microbiota, increasing the abundance of Alistipes, Bacteroides, Ruminococcus, Odoribacter, Akkermansia, and Turicibacter. RB-P1-1 modulated microbiota metabolites associated with hypoglycemic effects, including pyridoxamine, L-histidine, quercetin, 3-phosphonopropionic acid, oleoylethanolamide, 3-ketocholanic acid, 4-phenylbutyric acid, LysoPC(P-16:0/0:0), LysoPC(18:2), and short-chain fatty acids, and altered various metabolic pathways involved in T2DM development. Gut microbiota that showed altered abundance were correlated with metabolites that showed altered concentration. Gut microbiota isolated from the RB-P1-1-treated group alleviated the symptoms associated with T2DM. These results suggest RB-P1-1 is an effective active ingredient in the treatment of T2DM by modulating gut microbiota and metabolites.},
}

@article {pmid39674267,
year = {2024},
author = {Cheng, X and Yang, J and Wang, Z and Zhou, K and An, X and Xu, ZZ and Lu, H},
title = {Modulating intestinal viruses: A potential avenue for improving metabolic diseases with unresolved challenges.},
journal = {Life sciences},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {123309},
doi = {10.1016/j.lfs.2024.123309},
pmid = {39674267},
issn = {1879-0631},
abstract = {The gut microbiome affects the occurrence and development of metabolic diseases, with a significant amount of research focused on intestinal bacteria. As an important part of the gut microbiome, gut viruses were studied recently, particularly through fecal virome transplantation (FVT), revealing manipulating the gut virus could reverse overweight and glucose intolerance in mice. And human cohort studies found gut virome changed significantly in patients with metabolic disease. By summarizing those studies, we compared the research and analytical methods, as well as the similarities and differences in their results, and analyzed the reasons for these discrepancies. FVT provided potential value to improve metabolic diseases, but the mechanisms involved and the effect of FVT on humans should be investigated further. The potential methods of regulating intestinal virome composition and the possible mechanisms of intestinal virome changes affecting metabolic diseases were also discussed.},
}

@article {pmid39672770,
year = {2024},
author = {Facchin, S and Cardin, R and Patuzzi, I and Carlotto, C and Minotto, M and Barberio, B and Zingone, F and Besutti, VM and Castagliuolo, I and Cattelan, A and Savarino, EV},
title = {Long-term stability and efficacy of frozen fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) product at 24 months.},
journal = {Digestive and liver disease : official journal of the Italian Society of Gastroenterology and the Italian Association for the Study of the Liver},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.dld.2024.11.025},
pmid = {39672770},
issn = {1878-3562},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Freezing donor fecal microbiota has improved fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) for recurrent C. difficile infection (CDI), achieving short-term effectiveness similar to fresh-samples. Research shows frozen fecal matter remains effective for up to 12-months at -80 °C.

OBJECTIVE: To assess how long-term-freezing and thawing affect the viability, microbial composition, and clinical efficacy of frozen-stools for FMT.

METHODS: Stool samples from three donors were processed into 18 aliquots, thawed at intervals over two years, and analyzed for cell viability and microbial load. Microbiota composition was assessed through 16S-sequencing, with diversity evaluated using the Shannon-index and Principal-Coordinates-Analysis based on Bray-Curtis-distance (α/β-diversity). The same donors provided fecal material for a total of 23 FMT procedures, including 15 for CDI and 8 off-label.

RESULTS: We found that donor stools frozen for two years contained viable bacteria comparable to fresh samples, with anaerobic and aerobic species remaining viable for 24 months. Despite a reduction in colony-forming-units, FMT was successful in 71.4 % and 100 % of the cases at one year and at the end of follow-up, respectively. Most bacterial changes occurred among anaerobic species (Blautia producta and Bifidobacterium adolescentis), increasing post-thawing. Notably, specific taxa, (C. aerofaciens and Erysipelotrichaceae_Cc115), showed significant unexplained increase.

CONCLUSION: Long-term-stool-storage enhances FMT accessibility without compromising its success, despite taxonomic changes after 24 months.},
}

@article {pmid39672439,
year = {2024},
author = {Chen, P and Chen, F and Hou, T and Hu, X and Xia, C and Zhang, J and Shen, S and Li, C and Li, K},
title = {Administration time modify the anxiolytic and antidepressant effects of inulin via gut-brain axis.},
journal = {International journal of biological macromolecules},
volume = {288},
number = {},
pages = {138698},
doi = {10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.138698},
pmid = {39672439},
issn = {1879-0003},
abstract = {An imbalance in the microbiota-gut-brain axis exerts an essential effect on the pathophysiology of depressive and anxiety disorders. Our previous research revealed that the timing of inulin administration altered its effects on chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS)-induced anxiety and depression. However, it is still unclear if the gut-brain axis is primarily responsible for these effects. In this study, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) confirmed that inulin administration at different times alleviated CUMS-induced anxiety- and depression-like behaviors via the gut-brain axis. The time of administration seemed to modify the anxiolytic and antidepressant effects of inulin, and inulin intervention in the evening was more pronounced in inhibiting the inflammatory responses than that of morning inulin intervention. Serum metabolomics analysis showed that the main differential metabolites, including fenofibric acid, 4'-Hydroxyfenoprofen glucuronide and 5-(4-Hydroxybenzyl)thiazolidine-2,4-dione may be vital for the anxiolytic and antidepressant effects of different inulin treatment times. Our results suggested that inulin administration in the evening was more effective in alleviating the inflammatory responses and improving amino acids metabolism. This study provides a new potential link between the microbiota-gut-brain axis and chrono-nutrition, demonstrating that a more appropriate administration time results in a better intervention effect.},
}

@article {pmid39672393,
year = {2024},
author = {He, P and He, H and Su, C and Liu, Y and Wang, J and Wu, Y and Wang, B and Wang, S and Zhao, J},
title = {Amomum villosum Lour. alleviates pre-eclampsia by inducing enrichment of Bifidobacterium bifidum through vanillic acid to inhibit placental ferroptosis.},
journal = {Journal of ethnopharmacology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {119217},
doi = {10.1016/j.jep.2024.119217},
pmid = {39672393},
issn = {1872-7573},
abstract = {Amomum villosum Lour. (AVL), a traditional Chinese medicine, is widely used to pregnancy-related vomiting and prevent miscarriage. Pre-eclampsia (PE) is a severe pregnancy syndrome. Recent studies have demonstrated interactions between PE and the digestive system. However, it is uncertain that AVL against PE was associated with the gut.

AIM OF THE STUDY: The current research examined the curative impact of AVL on PE and underly mechanisms based on the gut-placenta axis.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A water decoction of AVL (WOA) was extracted in boiling water, and then the decoction was converted into dried particles by freeze drying. An NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME)-induced PE mouse model was established and the preventative activity of WOA was evaluated. Furthermore, the gut microbial composition and structure were analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) experiment was applied to confirm the efficacy of gut microbiota remodeled by WOA.

RESULTS: WOA presented protective efficacy against PE. Notably, WOA induced a significant decrease in maternal hypertension and urine protein levels and promoted fetal intrauterine growth in a dose-dependent manner, thereby improving adverse pregnancy outcomes. Moreover, WOA modulated the angiogenic imbalance by decreasing the ratio between sFlt-1 (soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1) and PlGF (placental growth factor) to repair placental injury and inhibited placental ferroptosis by increasing the protein levels of FPN1, FTH1, xCT, and GPX4. Tight junction proteins (ZO-1, Occludin, Claudin1) in the placenta and colon were significantly upregulated by WOA, leading to enhanced placental and gut barriers. WOA rescued intestinal dysbiosis by enriching Bifidobacterium and Akkermansia. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) experiments revealed that the protection of WOA on placenta and gut were dependent on the gut microbial composition. Furthermore, supplementation with both Bifidobacterium bifidum (B. bifidum) and vanillic acid (VA, the major component of WOA) ameliorated PE symptoms. Intriguingly, results from both in vivo and in vitro analyses indicated that the B. bifidum population was enriched by VA.

CONCLUSIONS: This research is the first to demonstrate that WOA prevents PE by enriching Bifidobacterium bifidum, strengthening the gut-placenta barrier, and inhibiting placental ferroptosis. Our findings provide compelling evidence for the vital involvement of the gut-placental axis in the protection of AVL on PE, presenting a novel target for the clinic.},
}

@article {pmid39671402,
year = {2024},
author = {, },
title = {Retraction: Fecal microbiota transplantation for treatment of recurrent C. difficile infection: An updated randomized controlled trial meta-analysis.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {19},
number = {12},
pages = {e0316040},
pmid = {39671402},
issn = {1932-6203},
}

@article {pmid39670752,
year = {2024},
author = {Peterson, D and Weidenmaier, C and Timberlake, S and Gura Sadovsky, R},
title = {Depletion of key gut bacteria predicts disrupted bile acid metabolism in inflammatory bowel disease.},
journal = {Microbiology spectrum},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0199924},
doi = {10.1128/spectrum.01999-24},
pmid = {39670752},
issn = {2165-0497},
abstract = {The gut microbiome plays a key role in bile acid (BA) metabolism, where a diversity of metabolic products contribute to human health and disease. In particular, Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is characterized by a low concentration of secondary bile acids (SBAs), whose transformation from primary bile acids (PBAs) is an essential function performed solely by gut bacteria. BA-transformation activity mediated by the bile acid inducible (bai) operon has been functionally characterized in the genus Clostridium, and homologous bai gene sequences have been found in metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) belonging to other taxa in the human gut, but it is unclear which species of bai-carrying bacteria perform physiologically significant amounts of bile acid transformation in healthy and sick individuals. Here, we analyzed hundreds of stool samples with paired metagenomic and metabolomic data from IBD patients and controls and found that the abundance of the bai operon in metagenomic samples was highly predictive of that sample's high- or low-SBA metabolic state. We further found that bai genes from the Clostridium species best characterized as BA transformers were more prevalent in IBD patients than in non-IBD controls, while bai genes from uncharacterized taxa known only from MAGs were much more physiologically relevant in non-IBD samples. These un-isolated clades of BA-transforming bacteria merit further research; as beyond their prevalence in the human population, we found some cases in which they engrafted in IBD patients who had undergone fecal microbiota transplantation and experienced a clinical response.IMPORTANCEIn this paper, we identify specific bacteria that perform an important metabolic function in the human gut and demonstrate that in the guts of a large subset of patients with IBD, these bacteria are missing and the function is defective. This is a rare example where the correlation between the absence of specific bacteria and the dysfunction of metabolism is directly observed, not in mice nor in the lab, but in physiologic microbial communities in the human gut. Our results point to a path for studying how a small but important set of bacteria is affected by conditions in the IBD gut and perhaps to the development of interventions to mitigate the loss of these bacteria in IBD.},
}

@article {pmid39669573,
year = {2024},
author = {Yan, J and Yang, L and Ren, Q and Zhu, C and Du, H and Wang, Z and Qi, Y and Xian, X and Chen, D},
title = {Gut microbiota as a biomarker and modulator of anti-tumor immunotherapy outcomes.},
journal = {Frontiers in immunology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1471273},
pmid = {39669573},
issn = {1664-3224},
mesh = {Humans ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome/immunology ; *Neoplasms/therapy/immunology ; *Immunotherapy/methods ; *Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; Animals ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; Probiotics/therapeutic use ; Treatment Outcome ; Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ; Prebiotics/administration & dosage ; },
abstract = {Although immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have significantly improved cancer treatment, their effectiveness is limited by primary or acquired resistance in many patients. The gut microbiota, through its production of metabolites and regulation of immune cell functions, plays a vital role in maintaining immune balance and influencing the response to cancer immunotherapies. This review highlights evidence linking specific gut microbial characteristics to increased therapeutic efficacy in a variety of cancers, such as gastrointestinal cancers, melanoma, lung cancer, urinary system cancers, and reproductive system cancers, suggesting the gut microbiota's potential as a predictive biomarker for ICI responsiveness. It also explores the possibility of enhancing ICI effectiveness through fecal microbiota transplantation, probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, postbiotics, and dietary modifications. Moreover, the review underscores the need for extensive randomized controlled trials to confirm the gut microbiota's predictive value and to establish guidelines for microbiota-targeted interventions in immunotherapy. In summary, the article suggests that a balanced gut microbiota is key to maximizing immunotherapy benefits and calls for further research to optimize microbiota modulation strategies for cancer treatment. It advocates for a deeper comprehension of the complex interactions between gut microbiota, host immunity, and cancer therapy, aiming for more personalized and effective treatment options.},
}

Humans
*Gastrointestinal Microbiome/immunology
*Neoplasms/therapy/immunology
*Immunotherapy/methods
*Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/therapeutic use
Animals
Biomarkers, Tumor
Probiotics/therapeutic use
Treatment Outcome
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation
Prebiotics/administration & dosage

@article {pmid39668679,
year = {2024},
author = {Vitarelli, A and Minafra, P and Vulpi, M and Piana, A and Torre, G and Carbonara, U and Divenuto, L and Papapicco, G and Chiaradia, F and Alba, S and Lucarelli, G and Battaglia, M and Ditonno, P},
title = {A new approach to repair recurrent vescicourethral anastomotic strictures after radical prostatectomy: The use of prerectal access.},
journal = {Urologia},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {3915603241300877},
doi = {10.1177/03915603241300877},
pmid = {39668679},
issn = {1724-6075},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Vesicourethral anastomosis stenosis (VUAS) is a well-known complication of prostate cancer treatments, observed in up to 26% of the cases after radical prostatectomy. Conservative management, with single or even repeated transurethral dilation or endoscopic incision of the stenosis, is successful in many cases, but up to 9% of patients are destined to fail after endoscopic treatment. In these cases, a revision of the vesicourethral anastomosis is necessary and can be realized with different surgical approaches. We aim to describe the technique and the outcomes of a new prerectal approach for VUAS repair.

METHODS: Twelve patients with recalcitrant VUAS following radical prostatectomy were enrolled between May 2014 and September 2018 for prerectal transperineal re-anastomosis. The evaluated outcomes were: the rate of successful anatomical repair at 3 months after surgery and at the last follow-up, postoperative incontinence and complications rate, and the need for further treatments.

RESULTS: No major intraoperative complications occurred. After a median follow-up of 46 months (IQR 36-55), 10 patients (83.3%) achieved a good anatomical repair even if one man required an endoscopic urethrotomy, while two patients (16.67%) with a history of pelvic radiotherapy developed a surgical site infection that required toilette and external urinary diversion. Among the others, nine (75%) developed severe stress urinary incontinence, with resolution of their condition. No patient reported significant postoperative pain or fecal incontinence.

CONCLUSIONS: The prerectal approach to VUAS repair allows direct access to the posterior urethra and the anastomosis, providing a better mobilization of the bladder neck for tension-free anastomosis. However, patients with a history of pelvic radiotherapy have a higher risk of complications. Postoperative incontinence is very common, but urinary continence could be restored with subsequent artificial urinary sphincter placement.},
}

@article {pmid39667939,
year = {2024},
author = {Dang, H and Feng, P and Zhang, S and Peng, L and Xing, S and Li, Y and Wen, X and Zhou, L and Goswami, S and Xiao, M and Barker, N and Sansonetti, P and Kundu, P},
title = {Maternal gut microbiota influence stem cell function in offspring.},
journal = {Cell stem cell},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.stem.2024.10.003},
pmid = {39667939},
issn = {1875-9777},
abstract = {The maternal microbiome influences child health. However, its impact on a given offspring's stem cells, which regulate development, remains poorly understood. To investigate the role of the maternal microbiome in conditioning the offspring's stem cells, we manipulated maternal microbiota using Akkermansia muciniphila. Different maternal microbiomes had distinct effects on proliferation and differentiation of neuronal and intestinal stem cells in the offspring, influencing their developmental trajectory, physiology, and long-term health. Transplantation of altered maternal microbiota into germ-free mice transmitted these stem cell phenotypes to the recipients' offspring. The progeny of germ-free mice selectively colonized with Akkermansia did not display these stem cell traits, emphasizing the importance of microbiome diversity. Metabolically more active maternal microbiomes enriched the levels of circulating short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and amino acids, leaving distinct transcriptomic imprints on the mTOR pathway of offsprings' stem cells. Blocking mTOR signaling during pregnancy eliminated the maternal-microbiome-mediated effects on stem cells. These results suggest a fundamental role of the maternal microbiome in programming offsprings' stem cells and represent a promising target for interventions.},
}

@article {pmid39667762,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhang, QW and Yang, MJ and Liao, CY and Taha, R and Li, QY and Abdelmotalab, MI and Zhao, SY and Xu, Y and Jiang, ZZ and Chu, CH and Huang, X and Jiao, CH and Sun, LX},
title = {Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz polysaccharide ameliorates DSS-induced colitis in mice by regulating the gut microbiota and tryptophan metabolism.},
journal = {British journal of pharmacology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/bph.17409},
pmid = {39667762},
issn = {1476-5381},
support = {82074115//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 82174072//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; JSPH-MB-2022-2 supporting//Clinical Capability Enhancement Project Medical/ ; JSPH-MB-2022-2//Clinical Capability Enhancement Project/ ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease, and the range of current clinical treatments is not ideal. We previously found that polysaccharide of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz (PAMK) is beneficial in DSS-induced colitis, and we aimed to investigate the underlying mechanisms in this study.

EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: PAMK was used to treat DSS-induced colitis in mice, 16S rRNA sequencing analysis was used to detect changes in the intestinal microbiota, targeted metabolomics analysis was used to determine the content of tryptophan-metabolizing bacteria, and western blotting was used to determine aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and pregnane X receptor (PXR) levels. Furthermore, antibiotic-mediated depletion of gut microbiota and faecal microbiota transplantation were performed to assess the role of the gut microbiota in PAMK alleviation of colitis.

KEY RESULTS: PAMK treatment relieved intestinal microbiota dysbiosis in mice with colitis, contributed to the proliferation of tryptophan-metabolizing bacteria, and increased the levels of tryptophan metabolites, resulting in a significant increase in the nuclear translocation of PXR and expression of PXR and its target genes, but not AhR. The gut microbiota is important in PAMK treatment of colitis, including in the alleviation of symptoms, inhibition of inflammation, maintenance of the integrity of the intestinal barrier, and the regulation of the Th17/Treg cell balance.

CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS: Based on our findings, we elucidate a novel mechanism by which PAMK alleviates DSS-induced colitis and thus provides evidence to support the potential development of PAMK as a new clinical drug against UC.},
}

@article {pmid39667450,
year = {2024},
author = {Fu, Q and Yang, Y and Tian, Q and Zhu, Y and Xu, H and Wang, J and Huang, Q},
title = {Exploring the mechanism of Paotianxiong polysaccharide in the treatment of chronic kidney disease combining metabolomics and microbiomics technologies.},
journal = {International journal of biological macromolecules},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {138629},
doi = {10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.138629},
pmid = {39667450},
issn = {1879-0003},
abstract = {A close relationship between the pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and abnormalities in the gut-kidney axis. Paotianxiong polysaccharides (PTXP) that have demonstrated therapeutic effects on CKD. However, the specific mechanism by which PTXP ameliorates CKD through the gut-kidney axis remains to be explored. In this study, the microbiomes and metabolomics were combined to investigate the impact of PTXP on intestinal flora structure and metabolism, further unveiling the relationship through correlation analysis. The results showed that PTXP intervention significantly modulated renal function abnormalities in CKD rats and significantly modulates gut microbial disorders, evidenced by an increased abundance of Lactobacillus murinus, Bacteroides fragilis, and a decreased abundance of Bifidobacterium pseudolongum. Furthermore, PTXP reversed the changes in intestinal metabolites, such as linoleic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, induced by CKD and identified unsaturated fatty acid metabolism as a key metabolic pathway. Correlation analyses also revealed associations among gut microorganisms, metabolites, and renal function indexes, confirming that PTXP alleviated CKD through the gut-kidney axis. Moreover, the above conclusions were verified by fecal bacteria transplantation experiments. These findings provide insights into the mechanism of PTXP for the treatment of CKD and provide new targets for the treatment of CKD.},
}

@article {pmid39666007,
year = {2025},
author = {Shang, J and Del Valle, DM and Britton, GJ and Mead, KR and Rajpal, U and Chen-Liaw, A and Mogno, I and Li, Z and Menon, R and Gonzalez-Kozlova, E and Elkrief, A and Peled, JU and Gonsalves, TR and Shah, NJ and Postow, M and Colombel, JF and Gnjatic, S and Faleck, DM and Faith, JJ},
title = {Baseline colitogenicity and acute perturbations of gut microbiota in immunotherapy-related colitis.},
journal = {The Journal of experimental medicine},
volume = {222},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {39666007},
issn = {1540-9538},
support = {U24 CA224319/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; U01 DK124165/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; R01 DK112978/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; F30 CA261144/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; //Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center/ ; K08 HL143189/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States ; P30 CA008748/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; K08HL143189/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {*Gastrointestinal Microbiome/immunology/drug effects ; Animals ; Humans ; *Colitis/microbiology/immunology/chemically induced ; Mice ; *Immunotherapy/adverse effects/methods ; Female ; Male ; Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/adverse effects/pharmacology ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Feces/microbiology ; Neoplasms/immunology/microbiology/therapy/drug therapy ; },
abstract = {Immunotherapy-related colitis (irC) frequently emerges as an immune-related adverse event during immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy and is presumably influenced by the gut microbiota. We longitudinally studied microbiomes from 38 ICI-treated cancer patients. We compared 13 ICI-treated subjects who developed irC against 25 ICI-treated subjects who remained irC-free, along with a validation cohort. Leveraging a preclinical mouse model, predisease stools from irC subjects induced greater colitigenicity upon transfer to mice. The microbiota during the first 10 days of irC closely resembled inflammatory bowel disease microbiomes, with reduced diversity, increased Proteobacteria and Veillonella, and decreased Faecalibacterium, which normalized before irC remission. These findings highlight the irC gut microbiota as functionally distinct but phylogenetically similar to non-irC and healthy microbiomes, with the exception of an acute, transient disruption early in irC. We underscore the significance of longitudinal microbiome profiling in developing clinical avenues to detect, monitor, and mitigate irC in ICI therapy cancer patients.},
}

*Gastrointestinal Microbiome/immunology/drug effects
Animals
Humans
*Colitis/microbiology/immunology/chemically induced
Mice
*Immunotherapy/adverse effects/methods
Female
Male
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/adverse effects/pharmacology
Mice, Inbred C57BL
Middle Aged
Aged
Feces/microbiology
Neoplasms/immunology/microbiology/therapy/drug therapy

@article {pmid39664442,
year = {2024},
author = {Chen, L and Zhang, K and Liu, J and Li, X and Liu, Y and Ma, H and Yang, J and Li, J and Chen, L and Hsu, C and Zeng, J and Xie, X and Wang, Q},
title = {The role of the microbiota-gut-brain axis in methamphetamine-induced neurotoxicity: Disruption of microbial composition and short-chain fatty acid metabolism.},
journal = {Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B},
volume = {14},
number = {11},
pages = {4832-4857},
pmid = {39664442},
issn = {2211-3835},
abstract = {Methamphetamine (METH) abuse is associated with significant neurotoxicity, high addiction potential, and behavioral abnormalities. Recent studies have identified a connection between the gut microbiota and METH-induced neurotoxicity and behavioral disorders. However, the underlying causal mechanisms linking the gut microbiota to METH pathophysiology remain largely unexplored. In this study, we employed fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) and antibiotic (Abx) intervention to manipulate the gut microbiota in mice administered METH. Furthermore, we supplemented METH-treated mice with short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and pioglitazone (Pio) to determine the protective effects on gut microbiota metabolism. Finally, we assessed the underlying mechanisms of the gut-brain neural circuit in vagotomized mice. Our data provide compelling evidence that modulation of the gut microbiome through FMT or microbiome knockdown by Abx plays a crucial role in METH-induced neurotoxicity, behavioral disorders, gut microbiota disturbances, and intestinal barrier impairment. Furthermore, our findings highlight a novel prevention strategy for mitigating the risks to both the nervous and intestinal systems caused by METH, which involves supplementation with SCFAs or Pio.},
}

@article {pmid39664063,
year = {2024},
author = {Li, L and Cai, F and Guo, C and Liu, Z and Qin, J and Huang, J},
title = {Gut microbiome and NAFLD: impact and therapeutic potential.},
journal = {Frontiers in microbiology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1500453},
pmid = {39664063},
issn = {1664-302X},
abstract = {Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) affects approximately 32.4% of the global population and poses a significant health concern. Emerging evidence underscores the pivotal role of the gut microbiota-including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites-in the development and progression of NAFLD. Dysbiosis among gut bacteria alters key biological pathways that contribute to liver fat accumulation and inflammation. The gut virome, comprising bacteriophages and eukaryotic viruses, significantly shapes microbial community dynamics and impacts host metabolism through complex interactions. Similarly, gut fungi maintain a symbiotic relationship with bacteria; the relationship between gut fungi and bacteria is crucial for overall host health, with certain fungal species such as Candida in NAFLD patients showing detrimental associations with metabolic markers and liver function. Additionally, the "hygiene hypothesis" suggests that reduced exposure to gut parasites may affect immune regulation and metabolic processes, potentially influencing conditions like obesity and insulin resistance. This review synthesizes current knowledge on the intricate interactions within the gut microbiota and their associations with NAFLD. We highlight the therapeutic potential of targeting these microbial communities through interventions such as probiotics, prebiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation. Addressing the complexities of NAFLD requires comprehensive strategies that consider the multifaceted roles of gut microorganisms in disease pathology.},
}

@article {pmid39664050,
year = {2024},
author = {Alhamlan, FS and Albadawi, IA and Al-Qahtani, AA and Awartani, KA and Obeid, DA and Tulbah, AM},
title = {Cervicovaginal and gastrointestinal microbiomes in gynecological cancers and their roles in therapeutic intervention.},
journal = {Frontiers in microbiology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1489942},
pmid = {39664050},
issn = {1664-302X},
abstract = {Cancer remains a significant global health concern, and understanding factors that regulate cancer development is important. The microbiome, with its potential role in cancer development, progression, and treatment, has garnered increasing attention in recent years. The cervicovaginal and gastrointestinal microbiomes in females constitute complex biological ecosystems. Although the gut microbiome has been extensively studied, little is known about the cervicovaginal microbiome. The microbiome plays a crucial role in maintaining local microenvironments and tissue homeostasis, but dysbiosis can disrupt this fine balance and contribute to pathological ramifications leading to cancer. This review explores the current understanding of the microbiome's correlation with gynecological cancers and highlights the potential of microbiome-based interventions to improve outcomes in these cancers. In addition, this review underscores the gaps and limitations in the literature, such as findings in specific ethnicities compared with understudied ethnicities. In addition, discrepancies in molecular techniques and terminology (microbiome vs. microbiota) used in the literature are addressed. Emerging evidence linking gynecological cancers and dysbiosis underscores microbiota as a potential target for cancer prevention and therapy. Manipulating the microbiome, such as through the use of probiotics, prebiotics, antibiotics, or vaginal and fecal transplantation, has demonstrated benefits in the treatment of chronic and inflammatory conditions. Further translational research in this field is needed to integrate the benefits of beneficial microorganisms in the fight against gynecological cancers.},
}

@article {pmid39662821,
year = {2024},
author = {Groenewegen, B and van Lingen, E and Kovynev, A and van den Berg, AJ and Berssenbrugge, EKL and Sanders, IMJG and van Prehn, J and van Nood, E and Goorhuis, A and Kuijper, EJ and Smits, WK and Wiese, M and Keller, JJ and Ducarmon, QR and Terveer, EM and , },
title = {The presence of Clostridioides difficile in faeces before and after faecal microbiota transplantation and its relation with recurrent C. difficile infection and the gut microbiota in a Dutch cohort.},
journal = {Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.cmi.2024.12.003},
pmid = {39662821},
issn = {1469-0691},
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: To study the presence of Clostridioides difficile in faeces of patients with recurrent C. difficile infection (rCDI) before and after faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) and to identify risk factors for faecal C. difficile and CDI recurrence.

METHODS: N=83 faecal sample triads (pre-FMT (∼one day), post-FMT (∼three weeks), and a corresponding FMT donor sample), and n=22 long-term (∼1-3 years) follow-up faecal samples (LTFU) were collected from FMT-treated patients. The presence of C. difficile in faeces was assessed by enrichment broth culture and PCR (tcdB gene) and associated with patient characteristics, FMT outcome, duration of pre-FMT vancomycin, FMT donor, post-FMT antibiotic use, and faecal microbiota composition (shotgun metagenomics).

RESULTS: The FMT cure rate for rCDI was 92.8% (77/83), with six early CDI recurrences (
CONCLUSIONS: While eradication of C. difficile is not required for clinical cure of rCDI by FMT, it is associated with reduced prevalence of early CDI recurrence, as are the full completion of pre-FMT vancomycin (at least 10 days) and avoiding post-FMT antibiotics.},
}

@article {pmid39659943,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhao, W and Chen, Y and Xiao, J and Tang, Z and Wang, L and Ren, Y and Chen, Y},
title = {Updated outcomes and exploratory analysis of RENMIN-215: tislelizumab plus fruquintinib and fecal microbiota transplantation in refractory microsatellite stable metastatic colorectal cancer.},
journal = {American journal of cancer research},
volume = {14},
number = {11},
pages = {5351-5364},
pmid = {39659943},
issn = {2156-6976},
abstract = {Primary analysis of the open-label, single-arm, phase II RENMIN-215 trial (primary data cutoff date: July 10, 2023) showed promising efficacy and tolerable safety with tislelizumab plus fruquintinib and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in patients with refractory microsatellite stable (MSS) metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Here, we reported updated survival and safety results with a median follow-up of 34.0 months (data cut-off May 20, 2024), as well as patient-reported outcomes and laboratory analysis. Twenty patients with MSS mCRC resistant or refractory to at least second-line therapy were enrolled and received tislelizumab plus fruquintinib and FMT. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival. Secondary endpoints included overall survival (OS), objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate, safety, health-related quality of life questionnaire and exploratory laboratory tests. In addition, 94 mCRC patients who received third-line or above immunotherapy in real world were screened for propensity score matching (PSM) analysis to compare efficacy. Our results showed that the median OS was 13.7 months (95% CI, 9.3-17.7), and the ORR was 20.0% (95% CI, 5.7-43.7). After PSM, the median OS benefit of the study regimen remained statistically significant (HR = 0.26; 95% CI, 0.07-0.95; P = 0.042). Patients with primary tumor surgery had better clinical outcomes. No new safety concerns were detected. Seven (35.0%) patients had one or more grade 3 treatment-related adverse events. The majority of patients had improved or stable global health status (GHS). Median time to deterioration for GHS was 7.7 months. Peripheral blood lymphocyte analysis showed that increased gamma-delta 2 T cells were positively associated with improved response and survival. To conclude, the updated results provide further evidence of sustained antitumor activity of tislelizumab plus fruquintinib and FMT in heavily pretreated MSS mCRC patients with a consistent safety profile.},
}

@article {pmid39659426,
year = {2024},
author = {Abildinova, GZ and Benberin, VV and Vochshenkova, TA and Afshar, A and Mussin, NM and Kaliyev, AA and Zhussupova, Z and Tamadon, A},
title = {The gut-brain-metabolic axis: exploring the role of microbiota in insulin resistance and cognitive function.},
journal = {Frontiers in microbiology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1463958},
pmid = {39659426},
issn = {1664-302X},
abstract = {The gut-brain-metabolic axis has emerged as a critical area of research, highlighting the intricate connections between the gut microbiome, metabolic processes, and cognitive function. This review article delves into the complex interplay between these interconnected systems, exploring their role in the development of insulin resistance and cognitive decline. The article emphasizes the pivotal influence of the gut microbiota on central nervous system (CNS) function, demonstrating how microbial colonization can program the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis for stress response in mice. It further elucidates the mechanisms by which gut microbial carbohydrate metabolism contributes to insulin resistance, a key factor in the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders and cognitive impairment. Notably, the review highlights the therapeutic potential of targeting the gut-brain-metabolic axis through various interventions, such as dietary modifications, probiotics, prebiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). These approaches have shown promising results in improving insulin sensitivity and cognitive function in both animal models and human studies. The article also emphasizes the need for further research to elucidate the specific microbial species and metabolites involved in modulating the gut-brain axis, as well as the long-term effects and safety of these therapeutic interventions. Advances in metagenomics, metabolomics, and bioinformatics are expected to provide deeper insights into the complex interactions within the gut microbiota and their impact on host health. Overall, this comprehensive review underscores the significance of the gut-brain-metabolic axis in the pathogenesis and treatment of metabolic and cognitive disorders, offering a promising avenue for the development of novel therapeutic strategies targeting this intricate system.},
}

@article {pmid39658705,
year = {2024},
author = {Wang, Z and Wang, Z and Lu, T and Yuan, G and Chen, W and Jin, J and Jiang, X and Yan, W and Yuan, K and Zou, G and Bao, Y and Shi, J and Liu, X and Wei, H and Han, Y and Lu, L},
title = {Gut microbiota regulate insomnia-like behaviors via gut-brain metabolic axis.},
journal = {Molecular psychiatry},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {39658705},
issn = {1476-5578},
support = {82288101//National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)/ ; },
abstract = {Sleep interacts reciprocally with the gut microbiota. However, mechanisms of the gut microbe-brain metabolic axis that are responsible for sleep behavior have remained largely unknown. Here, we showed that the absence of the gut microbiota can alter sleep behavior. Sleep deprivation reduced butyrate levels in fecal content and the hypothalamus in specific pathogen-free mice but not in germ-free mice. The microbial metabolite butyrate can promote sleep by modulating orexin neuronal activity in the lateral hypothalamic area in mice. Insomnia patients had lower serum butyrate levels and a deficiency in butyrate-producing species within the gut microbiota. Transplantation of the gut microbiota from insomnia patients to germ-free mice conferred insomnia-like behaviors, accompanied by a decrease in serum butyrate levels. The oral administration of butyrate rescued sleep disturbances in recipient mice. Overall, these findings reveal the causal role of microbial metabolic pathways in modulating insomnia-like behaviors, suggesting potential therapeutic strategies for treating sleep disorders.},
}

@article {pmid39658176,
year = {2025},
author = {Guo, B and Zhang, W and Zhang, J and Zou, J and Dong, N and Liu, B},
title = {Euglena gracilis polysaccharide modulated gut dysbiosis of obese individuals via acetic acid in an in vitro fermentation model.},
journal = {Food research international (Ottawa, Ont.)},
volume = {199},
number = {},
pages = {115385},
doi = {10.1016/j.foodres.2024.115385},
pmid = {39658176},
issn = {1873-7145},
mesh = {*Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects ; *Dysbiosis ; *Fermentation ; *Acetic Acid/metabolism ; Humans ; *Obesity/metabolism/microbiology ; *Polysaccharides/pharmacology/metabolism ; *Euglena gracilis/metabolism ; Prebiotics ; Male ; Feces/microbiology ; Adult ; Bacteria/metabolism/classification/drug effects ; Lipid Metabolism/drug effects ; Female ; },
abstract = {Gut dysbiosis is a characteristic feature of obesity and targeting gut microbiota presents a promising approach to attenuate obesity. Euglena gracilis polysaccharide (EGP) has emerged as a potential prebiotic capable of promoting health-beneficial bacteria. However, its effects on the gut dysbiosis of obese individuals remain unclear. This study investigated the impacts of EGP on gut microbiota from both non-obese and obese individuals using an in vitro fermentation model. Results showed that EGP significantly altered the gut microbiota composition and metabolism. Specifically, EGP improved the relative abundance of Paeniclostridium, Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 and Paraclostridium of the non-obese individuals and Providencia, Enterococcus and Bacteroides of the obese individuals. Metabolomics results showed EGP significantly altered the lipid metabolism especially in the obese group with enriched bile secretion and cholesterol metabolism pathways. Noting that acetic acid was significantly increased in both groups, these acetic acid favorable microbiota from non-obese individuals was collected with acetic acid supplementation. Transplantation of these acetic acid-induced microbiota (AAiM) notably improved the richness and diversity of fecal microbiota of the obese individuals, enhancing the growth of probiotics like Bacteroides and Bifidobacterium. Consequently, AAiM significantly restructured macronutrients (including amino acids, carbohydrates and lipids) metabolism of the gut microbiota from obese individuals. Altogether, this study underscores the potential of EGP and acetic acid favorable microbiota in manipulating obesity-associated gut dysbiosis via acetic acid production.},
}

*Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects
*Dysbiosis
*Fermentation
*Acetic Acid/metabolism
Humans
*Obesity/metabolism/microbiology
*Polysaccharides/pharmacology/metabolism
*Euglena gracilis/metabolism
Prebiotics
Male
Feces/microbiology
Adult
Bacteria/metabolism/classification/drug effects
Lipid Metabolism/drug effects
Female

@article {pmid39656490,
year = {2024},
author = {Balakrishnan, R and Kang, SI and Lee, JY and Rho, YK and Kim, BK and Choi, DK},
title = {Gut Microbiota-Immune System Interactions in Health and Neurodegenerative Diseases: Insights into Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Applications.},
journal = {Aging and disease},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.14336/AD.2024.1362},
pmid = {39656490},
issn = {2152-5250},
abstract = {The human body contains approximately 100 trillion microorganisms, predominantly within the gastrointestinal tract, collectively called the gut microbiota. Investigations have revealed the bidirectional communication between the gut microbiota and the brain, characterized as the "microbiota-gut-brain axis." This axis represents an important regulator of brain development and function, immune system development, and nutrient metabolism, making it a target for efforts to alleviate the development and progression of neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs). Despite extensive biomedical and clinical research, our understanding of the causes, optimal treatment, and progression of NDDs remains limited. This paper aims to summarize the available knowledge on the role played by gut microbiota and how it is connected to the progression of neurodegenerative conditions; in particular, the relationship between the microbiota and gut-brain communications and the gut microbiota and neuro-immune conditions is reviewed. We discuss how and why the gut immune system communicates with the brain and how this communication impacts neurodegeneration. Next, we examine the alterations in the gut microbiota, immune response, and brain changes associated with gut dysbiosis. Finally, we highlight the preclinical and clinical evidence for probiotics, prebiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, dietary supplements, natural drugs, and exercise intervention as potential therapeutic approaches that could lead to a new treatment paradigm for NDDs.},
}

@article {pmid39653685,
year = {2024},
author = {Li, X and Zheng, P and Zou, Y and Guan, L and Li, N and Liu, J and Lu, N and Zhu, Y and He, C},
title = {Dietary inulin ameliorates obesity-induced severe acute pancreatitis via gut-pancreas axis.},
journal = {Gut microbes},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {2436949},
pmid = {39653685},
issn = {1949-0984},
mesh = {Animals ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects ; *Obesity/metabolism ; Mice ; *Inulin/pharmacology/administration & dosage ; *Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects ; *Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Male ; *Pancreas/pathology/metabolism/drug effects ; *Pancreatitis/metabolism ; Dysbiosis/microbiology ; Fatty Acids, Volatile/metabolism ; Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ; Bacteria/classification/isolation & purification/metabolism/genetics ; },
abstract = {Obesity is a definitive factor of severity and mortality of acute pancreatitis (AP), and gut microbiota dysbiosis is involved in its pathogenesis. However, the effect of gut microbiota modulation by dietary components on high fat diet (HFD)-induced severe AP remains unclear. Here, we found that the inulin, a soluble dietary fiber, mitigated pancreatic injury and systematic inflammation in mice fed HFD, which was dependent on gut microbiota as this protective effect was attenuated in germ-free mice. Inulin treatment suppressed the overgrowth of pathogenic bacteria Escherichia Shigella, Enterococcus, Klebsiella, while increased the abundance of probiotics Akkermansia. Fecal microbiota transplantation from inulin-treated mice to recipient mice reduced pancreatic damage and remodeled intestinal homeostasis. Additionally, inulin increased fecal short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), strengthened gut barrier and restored Paneth cells. The beneficial effect of inulin on improving pancreatic damage and leaky gut was diminished after the suppression of SCFAs. Notably, SCFAs administration, especially butyrate, to HFD mice blocked pancreatic and intestinal injury with the inhibition of histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3), and pharmacological HDAC3 inhibition mimicked the ameliorative effect of SCFAs. Mechanically, butyrate modulated macrophage M1/M2 polarization balance by suppressing HDAC3 and subsequent acetylation of histone H3K27. Collectively, our data offer new insights into the gut microbiota-pancreas axis that may be leveraged to augment the potential supplementation of prebiotic inulin in the management of obesity associated severe AP.},
}

Animals
*Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects
*Obesity/metabolism
Mice
*Inulin/pharmacology/administration & dosage
*Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects
*Mice, Inbred C57BL
Male
*Pancreas/pathology/metabolism/drug effects
*Pancreatitis/metabolism
Dysbiosis/microbiology
Fatty Acids, Volatile/metabolism
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation
Bacteria/classification/isolation & purification/metabolism/genetics

@article {pmid39653155,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhao, Y and Sun, S and Liu, J and Zheng, M and Liu, M and Liu, J and Liu, H},
title = {Investigation of the protective mechanism of paeoniflorin against hyperlipidemia by an integrated metabolomics and gut microbiota strategy.},
journal = {The Journal of nutritional biochemistry},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {109831},
doi = {10.1016/j.jnutbio.2024.109831},
pmid = {39653155},
issn = {1873-4847},
abstract = {The prevalence of hyperlipidemia is gradually increasing globally, posing a serious threat to public health. Previous studies have shown that paeoniflorin (PF) effectively improved abnormal lipid metabolism in atherosclerotic mice. However, the anti-hyperlipidemia effect and potential mechanism of paeoniflorin remain unclear. The gut microbiota (GM) is closely related to hyperlipidemia. This study was aimed to investigate effects of PF on improving the health of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced hyperlipidemic mice by modulating GM. A hyperlipidemic mouse model was established using an HFD, and the hypolipidemic effect of PF was detected in vivo. Besides16S ribosomal RNA sequencing and SCFAs metabolic analysis were performed to explore the lipid-lowering mechanism of PF. Importantly, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) experiments were conducted to verify the lipid-lowering mechanism of PF. The results showed that PF significantly inhibited the development of hyperlipidemia, reduced serum lipid and inflammatory cytokine levels, and improved liver steatosis. In addition, 16S rRNA sequencing revealed that PF treatment significantly increased the relative abundance of Lactobacillus, Coprococcus, Blautia, Roseburia, and Bacteroides while reducing the relative abundance of Prevotella. Meanwhile, the results of targeted metabolomics indicate that PF therapy can effectively restore butyric acid and propionic acid levels in the intestine. The FMT experiments further demonstrated that PF improved hyperlipidemia by regulating GM and its metabolites. The above results provide a valuable theoretical basis for the development and application of PF as a functional food for hyperlipidemia.},
}

@article {pmid39652283,
year = {2024},
author = {Lou, L and Zhou, L and Wang, Y},
title = {Gut Microbiota: A Modulator and Therapeutic Target for Chronic Pain.},
journal = {Molecular neurobiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {39652283},
issn = {1559-1182},
abstract = {Chronic pain is a prevalent condition, impacting nearly one-fifth of the global population. Despite the availability of various clinical treatments, each comes with inherent limitations, and few offer a complete cure, resulting in a significant social and economic burden. Therefore, it is important to determine the pathogenesis and causes of chronic pain. Numerous studies have shown a close link between the intestinal microflora and chronic pain. The gut microbiota can exert their effects on chronic pain through both central and peripheral mechanisms and is able to communicate with the brain through its own components or metabolites. They also can regulate chronic pain by affecting pro- and anti-inflammatory cells. This review is aimed at reviewing the connection between gut flora and different types of chronic pain, including visceral pain, neuropathic pain, inflammatory pain, musculoskeletal pain, migraine, and chronic cancer pain; exploring the central and peripheral mechanisms of the influence of gut flora on chronic pain; and attempting to provide novel treatment options for chronic pain, that is, the gut microbiota can be regulated by probiotics, fecal microbial transplantation, and natural products to treat chronic pain. By examining the intricate relationship between gut flora and chronic pain, the review sought to pave the way for new treatment strategies that target the gut microbiota, offering hope for more effective pain management.},
}

@article {pmid39651062,
year = {2024},
author = {Kaundal, S and Patil, AN and Ks, L and Sharma, V and Arora, A and Singh, C and Jandial, A and Jain, A and Prakash, G and Khadwal, A and Malhotra, P and Lad, DP},
title = {A role for diet and gut microbiota metabolites in autologous hematopoietic cell transplant recipients.},
journal = {Blood cell therapy},
volume = {7},
number = {4},
pages = {101-105},
pmid = {39651062},
issn = {2432-7026},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: The gut microbiome has an established role in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT), but not in an auto-HCT setting. We have hypothesized that fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and urinary 3-indoxyl sulfate (3-IS), which are metabolites derived from the action of the gut microbiome on dietary fiber, play a role in auto-HCT outcomes.

METHODS: This was a single-center prospective study involving auto-HCT recipients. Baseline patient and disease details, diet diaries, and antibiotic exposure were recorded in consenting patients. Serial (pre-HCT, week two, and week four post-HCT) SCFA and urine 3-IS levels were measured using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). HCT outcomes were correlated with these metabolites.

RESULTS: Thirty patients (myeloma, n=13; lymphoma, n=17) were analyzed. The levels of urinary 3-IS, fecal acetate, propionate, and butyrate were found to be decreased at week two and were recovered by week four post-HCT. Those with low median nadir fecal butyrate levels at week two also had significantly lower pre-HCT and week four butyrate levels. Recipients with low butyrate levels had more grade ≥2 mucositis (80% vs. 33%, p=0.01) and low fiber intake (10.4 g vs. 13.6 g, p=0.04). They also had more carbapenem exposure (93% vs. 47%, p=0.005) and prolonged antibiotics (11 days vs. 8 days, p=0.008). There were no differences in the time to neutrophil or platelet engraftment, mortality, or disease response.

CONCLUSION: Low pre-HCT fecal butyrate levels tend to persist post-HCT and they are associated with mucositis, dietary fiber intake, and antibiotic exposure. The gut microbiome and its modulation may play a role in auto-HCT settings.},
}

@article {pmid39651029,
year = {2024},
author = {Suresh, SB and Malireddi, A and Abera, M and Noor, K and Ansar, M and Boddeti, S and Nath, TS},
title = {Gut Microbiome and Its Role in Parkinson's Disease.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {16},
number = {11},
pages = {e73150},
pmid = {39651029},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {Parkinson's disease (PD) afflicted more than 8.5 million people globally in 2019, as the prevalence of the condition more than doubled during the preceding 25 years. Both non-motor symptoms, such as mood disorders and cognitive impairment, and motor symptoms, such as tremors and rigidity, are indicative of this progressive neurodegenerative disease. Recent data indicates a significant role for the gut microbiome in PD pathogenesis and progression, emphasizing the microbiota-gut-brain axis. In compliance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 statement, this systematic review summarizes our current knowledge about the function of the gut microbiome in PD, highlighting recurrent microbial alterations and assessing microbiome-based treatment strategies. The review revealed several consistent patterns in the gut microbiota of PD patients, including reduced microbial diversity and specific taxonomic alterations, including a drop in Firmicutes abundance and an increase in Proteobacteria abundance. Functional changes in the gut microbiome, such as altered short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production and tryptophan metabolism, were also noted. These microbial changes were observed even in early-stage and drug-naïve PD patients, suggesting they are not merely a consequence of disease progression or medication use. The review highlighted potential mechanisms linking gut microbiome alterations to PD, including increased intestinal permeability, neuroinflammation, and modulation of alpha-synuclein aggregation. Probiotics, prebiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation are a few interventions that try to modify the gut microbiome and might be possible to halt the advancement of PD and enhance patients' quality of life with the condition. Future research should focus on establishing causality through large-scale longitudinal studies, standardizing microbiome analysis methods, and exploring personalized microbiome-based therapies.},
}

@article {pmid39650985,
year = {2024},
author = {Ina, EA and Ziton, S and Dourvetakis, K and Corallo, JP},
title = {Loop Ileostomy With Colonic Lavage: Case Report of an Alternative to Total Colectomy in the Setting of Fulminant Clostridium difficile Colitis.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {16},
number = {11},
pages = {e73141},
pmid = {39650985},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {Fulminant Clostridium difficile colitis is a severe and potentially life-threatening form of Clostridium difficile-associated bacterial disease leading to inflammation and damage to the colon. Complications such as toxic megacolon, sepsis, and multi-organ failure commonly occur in individuals with compromised immune systems and recent antibiotic use. Management of Clostridium difficile colitis involves optimization of fluid and electrolyte balance, and elimination of bacteria commonly by administering vancomycin or fidaxomicin. In cases where pharmacological management has been ineffective, fecal microbiota transplantation and surgical intervention demonstrated success. Historically, surgical intervention has involved a total abdominal colectomy with end ileostomy; however, other surgical options have shown increasing benefits with preservation of the colon. This case report aims to provide an example of an alternative management strategy for fulminant Clostridium difficile infections, via the use of a loop ileostomy and colonic lavage. The combination of loop ileostomy and colonic lavage promotes bowel rest, removes toxins, and promotes healing while decreasing inflammation. As with all management modalities, it is essential to recognize the associated complications. The potential benefits should be carefully weighed against the risks on a case-by-case basis with the help of a multidisciplinary team as illustrated through this case report. Overall, early recognition and treatment of fulminant Clostridium difficile colitis using loop ileostomy and colonic lavage prevents further disease progression and improves patient outcomes.},
}

@article {pmid39649613,
year = {2024},
author = {Moreau, GB and Young, M and Behm, B and Tanyüksel, M and Ramakrishnan, G and Petri, WA},
title = {FMT Restores Colonic Protein Biosynthesis and Cell Proliferation in Patients with Recurrent Clostridioides difficile Disease.},
journal = {medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1101/2024.11.28.24318101},
pmid = {39649613},
abstract = {Recurrent C. difficile infection (CDI) is a major health threat with significant mortality and financial costs. Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT) is an effective therapy, however the mechanisms by which it acts, particularly on the host, are poorly understood. Here we enrolled a prospective cohort of human patients with recurrent CDI (n=16) undergoing FMT therapy. Colonic biopsies were collected and bulk RNA sequencing was performed to compare changes in host gene expression pre- and two months post-FMT. Transcriptional profiles were significantly altered after FMT therapy, with many differentially expressed genes (∼15% of annotated genes detected). Enrichment analysis determined that these changes were reflective of increased protein production post-FMT, with enrichment of pathways such as Ribosome Biogenesis, Protein Processing, and signaling pathways (Myc, mTORc1, E2F) associated with cell proliferation and protein biosynthesis. Histology of H&E-stained biopsies identified a significant increase in colonic crypt length post-FMT, suggesting that this treatment promotes cell proliferation. Crypt length was significantly correlated with enriched Myc and mTOR signaling pathways as well as genes associated with polyamine biosynthesis, providing a potential mechanism through which this may occur. Finally, signaling pathways upstream of Myc and mTOR, notably IL-33 Signaling and EGFR ligands, were significantly upregulated, suggesting that FMT may utilize these signals to promote cell proliferation and restoration of the intestine.},
}

@article {pmid39647752,
year = {2024},
author = {Li, K and Ran, X and Han, J and Ding, H and Wang, X and Li, Y and Guo, W and Li, X and Guo, W and Fu, S and Bi, J},
title = {Astragalus polysaccharide alleviates mastitis disrupted by Staphylococcus aureus infection by regulating gut microbiota and SCFAs metabolism.},
journal = {International journal of biological macromolecules},
volume = {286},
number = {},
pages = {138422},
doi = {10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.138422},
pmid = {39647752},
issn = {1879-0003},
abstract = {Polysaccharides, key bioactive compounds derived from Chinese herbs, are increasingly recognized for their therapeutic potential in modulating gut microbiota to treat various diseases. However, their efficacy in alleviating mammary inflammation and oxidative stress and protecting the blood-milk barrier (BMB) compromised by Staphylococcus aureus (S. au) infection remains uncertain. As evidence for the gut-mammary axis grows, identifying natural prebiotic components that affect this axis is crucial. This study reveals that Astragalus polysaccharide (APS), the primary active constituent of Astragalus, effectively mitigates S. au infection in murine mammary glands, suppresses inflammatory responses, reduces oxidative stress, and restores BMB integrity. The involvement of APS in modulating gut microbiota was substantiated through gut microbial depletion experiments and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). Notably, APS uniquely enriched Ruminococcus bromii (R. bromii) in the gut, facilitating the metabolism of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), particularly acetate and butyrate, which are pivotal to APS's protective effects. Collectively, these results propose a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment and prevention of S. au-induced mastitis, leveraging APS and R. bromii as prebiotics and probiotics, respectively.},
}

@article {pmid39647571,
year = {2024},
author = {Sharma, A and Kapur, S and Kancharla, P and Yang, T},
title = {Sex Differences in Gut Microbiota, Hypertension, and Cardiovascular Risk.},
journal = {European journal of pharmacology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {177183},
doi = {10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.177183},
pmid = {39647571},
issn = {1879-0712},
abstract = {The intricate ecosystem of the gut microbiome exhibits sex-specific differences, influencing the susceptibility to cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Imbalance within the gut microbiome compromises the gut barrier, activates inflammatory pathways, and alters the production of metabolites, all of which initiate chronic diseases including CVD. In particular, the interplay between lifestyle choices, hormonal changes, and metabolic byproducts uniquely affects sex-specific gut microbiomes, potentially shaping the risk profiles for hypertension and CVD differently in men and women. Understanding the gut microbiome's role in CVD risk offers informative reasoning behind the importance of developing tailored preventative strategies based on sex-specific differences in CVD risk. Furthermore, insight into the differential impact of social determinants and biological factors on CVD susceptibility emphasizes the necessity for more nuanced approaches. This review also outlines specific dietary interventions that may enhance gut microbiome health, offering a glimpse into potential therapeutic avenues for reducing CVD risk that require greater awareness. Imbalance in natural gut microbiomes may explain etiologies of chronic diseases; we advocate for future application to alter the gut microbiome as possible treatment of the aforementioned diseases. This review mentions the idea of altering the gut microbiome through interventions such as fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), a major application of microbiome-based therapy that is first-line for Clostridium difficile infections and patient-specific probiotics highlights more innovative approaches to hypertension and CVD prevention. Through increased analysis of gut microbiota compositions along with patient-centric probiotics and microbiome transfers, this review advocates for future preventative strategies for hypertension.},
}

@article {pmid39647535,
year = {2024},
author = {Casañas-Martínez, M and Barbero-Herranz, R and Alegre-González, D and Mosquera-Lozano, JD and Campo, RD and , },
title = {Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in a Long-Standing Auto-Brewery Syndrome with Complex Symptomatology.},
journal = {Journal of hepatology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.jhep.2024.12.005},
pmid = {39647535},
issn = {1600-0641},
}

@article {pmid39645284,
year = {2024},
author = {Dean, NJ and d'Arienzo, PD and Ibraheim, H and Lee, KA and Olsson-Brown, AC and Pinato, DJ and Powell, N},
title = {The role of the gut microbiome in regulating the response to immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy.},
journal = {Best practice & research. Clinical gastroenterology},
volume = {72},
number = {},
pages = {101944},
doi = {10.1016/j.bpg.2024.101944},
pmid = {39645284},
issn = {1532-1916},
mesh = {Humans ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects/physiology ; *Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/therapeutic use/pharmacology ; *Neoplasms/drug therapy/microbiology/immunology ; Immunotherapy/methods ; Treatment Outcome ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use/pharmacology ; },
abstract = {Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionised cancer therapy, yet the proportion of patients who achieve long-term disease control remain suboptimal. Over the past decade, the gut microbiome has been shown to influence immune-mediated tumour suppression as well as responses to ICI therapies. Compositional differences in gut microbiome may account for the differences in outcomes from immune checkpoint blockade. Identifying microbiota species associated with favourable/unfavourable outcomes and modelling their dynamics throughout the course of ICI treatment could help develop predictive biomarkers of immunotherapy response, and manipulating the gut microbiome represent a novel approach to enhancing ICI effectiveness. Clinically, this raises the prospect of using gut microbiome-based therapies to overcome primary resistance to ICIs, mitigate the effects of microbiome-altering drugs such as antibiotics or proton pump inhibitors, and improve overall survival in patients across numerous different cancer types.},
}

Humans
*Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects/physiology
*Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/therapeutic use/pharmacology
*Neoplasms/drug therapy/microbiology/immunology
Immunotherapy/methods
Treatment Outcome
Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use/pharmacology

@article {pmid39645282,
year = {2024},
author = {Józefczuk, P and Biliński, J and Minkowska, A and Łaguna, P},
title = {Gut microbiome in children undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.},
journal = {Best practice & research. Clinical gastroenterology},
volume = {72},
number = {},
pages = {101955},
doi = {10.1016/j.bpg.2024.101955},
pmid = {39645282},
issn = {1532-1916},
mesh = {Humans ; *Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation/adverse effects ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome/physiology ; Child ; Animals ; },
abstract = {Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is used in children as a treatment for various cancers, e.g. acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), acute myeloid leukemia (AML), or other diseases, e.g. severe congenital immunodeficiency, metabolic disorders, hence the patient population is quite diverse. There is an increasing interest on the role of the microbiome in peri-transplant period. In this review, concepts of HSCT with the focus on the importance of microbiome composition, its changes during treatment and possible microbiota oriented interventions will be discussed. This paper analyzes data in pediatric population, but in view of interesting results and absence of analogous data for pediatric patients, it also looks at studies performed on adult population and pre-clinical trials on animals discussing possible translation to children.},
}

Humans
*Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation/adverse effects
*Gastrointestinal Microbiome/physiology
Child
Animals

@article {pmid39645278,
year = {2024},
author = {Garcia-Mateo, S and Rondinella, D and Ponziani, FR and Miele, L and Gasbarrini, A and Cammarota, G and Lanas, Á and Gomollón, F},
title = {Gut microbiome and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: Pathogenic role and potential for therapeutics.},
journal = {Best practice & research. Clinical gastroenterology},
volume = {72},
number = {},
pages = {101924},
doi = {10.1016/j.bpg.2024.101924},
pmid = {39645278},
issn = {1532-1916},
mesh = {Humans ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome/physiology ; *Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ; *Probiotics/therapeutic use ; *Prebiotics/administration & dosage ; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/microbiology/therapy/metabolism ; Dysbiosis ; Diet, Mediterranean ; },
abstract = {Gut microbiota plays key functions in the human body, and its alteration is associated with several human disorders. Moreover, its manipulation is being investigated as a potential therapeutic strategy. In this narrative review we will dissect the involvement of the gut microbiota and of the gut-liver axis on metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). Additionally, we will review the effects of lifestyle interventions commonly used for MASLD (i.e. Mediterranean diet and physical exercise) on gut microbiome, to understand if their beneficial effect can be microbially mediated. Finally, we will discuss the role and the available evidence of therapeutic microbiome modulators, including prebiotics, probiotics, symbiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), in the management of MASLD.},
}

Humans
*Gastrointestinal Microbiome/physiology
*Fecal Microbiota Transplantation
*Probiotics/therapeutic use
*Prebiotics/administration & dosage
Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/microbiology/therapy/metabolism
Dysbiosis
Diet, Mediterranean

@article {pmid39643421,
year = {2025},
author = {Zhang, S and Zhou, R and Xie, X and Xiong, S and Li, L and Li, Y},
title = {Polysaccharides from Lycium barbarum, yam, and sunflower ameliorate colitis in a structure and intrinsic flora-dependent manner.},
journal = {Carbohydrate polymers},
volume = {349},
number = {Pt A},
pages = {122905},
doi = {10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122905},
pmid = {39643421},
issn = {1879-1344},
mesh = {Animals ; *Dioscorea/chemistry ; Mice ; *Mice, Inbred C57BL ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects ; *Colitis/drug therapy/chemically induced ; *Helianthus/chemistry ; Female ; *Polysaccharides/pharmacology/chemistry ; Lycium/chemistry ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Disease Models, Animal ; Cytokines/metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology/chemistry ; },
abstract = {Polysaccharides have been suggested to ameliorate metabolic diseases. However, their differential colitis-mitigating effects in mouse models with different colony structures remain poorly understood. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of polysaccharides from Lycium barbarum (LBP), sunflower (SP), and yam (YP) on colitis in C57BL/6 J (B6) mice born via vaginal delivery (VD) and in both caesarean section (CS)- and VD-born Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice. LBP was mainly composed of glucose (30.2 %), galactose (27.5 %), and arabinose (26.9 %). The main components of SP and YP were galacturonic acid (75.8 %) and glucose (98.1 %), respectively. Interestingly, LBP effectively alleviated body weight loss, reduced inflammatory cytokine levels, and restored intestinal barrier function in all three mouse models. Moreover, LBP decreased the abundance of norank_f__norank_o__Clostridia_UCG-014, Coriobacteriaceae_UCG-002, and norank_f_Eubacterium_coprostanoligenes_group in B6 mice, and the abundance of these genera positively correlated with pro-inflammatory cytokine levels. LBP increased the abundance of Lactobacillus, which was positively correlated with the levels of the protective factor, IL-10, in CS-born ICR mice. Collectively, our study suggests the potential application of LBP in the treatment of ulcerative colitis. We also provide an alternative method for restoring intestinal homeostasis in CS-born offspring.},
}

Animals
*Dioscorea/chemistry
Mice
*Mice, Inbred C57BL
*Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects
*Colitis/drug therapy/chemically induced
*Helianthus/chemistry
Female
*Polysaccharides/pharmacology/chemistry
Lycium/chemistry
Mice, Inbred ICR
Disease Models, Animal
Cytokines/metabolism
Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology/chemistry

@article {pmid39643403,
year = {2025},
author = {Zhang, Y and Ji, W and Qin, H and Chen, Z and Zhou, Y and Zhou, Z and Wang, J and Wang, K},
title = {Astragalus polysaccharides alleviate DSS-induced ulcerative colitis in mice by restoring SCFA production and regulating Th17/Treg cell homeostasis in a microbiota-dependent manner.},
journal = {Carbohydrate polymers},
volume = {349},
number = {Pt A},
pages = {122829},
doi = {10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122829},
pmid = {39643403},
issn = {1879-1344},
mesh = {Animals ; *Colitis, Ulcerative/drug therapy/chemically induced/immunology ; *Th17 Cells/drug effects/immunology ; Mice ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects ; *Dextran Sulfate ; *Polysaccharides/pharmacology/chemistry ; *T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/drug effects/immunology/metabolism ; *Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Homeostasis/drug effects ; Fatty Acids, Volatile/metabolism ; Male ; Astragalus Plant/chemistry ; Astragalus propinquus/chemistry ; Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ; },
abstract = {Natural polysaccharides from Astragalus membranaceus have been shown to relieve ulcerative colitis (UC). However, the mechanism and causal relationship between the gut microbiota and Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) treatment of UC are unclear. The results of the present study showed that APS ameliorated colonic injury and the disruption of the gut microbiota and restored intestinal immune homeostasis in mice with DSS-induced colitis. Meanwhile, we found that APS treatment was ineffective in antibiotic-treated colitis mice but was effective when FMT (Fecal microbiota transplantation) was performed on UC mice using APS-treated mice as donors. APS increased the proportion of relevant microbiota that produce SCFAs and both direct administration of APS and administration of APS-adjusted gut microbiota significantly promoted the production of SCFAs in colitis mice. We demonstrated that APS dually inhibited NF-κB activation via the TLR4 and HDAC3 pathways and improved the balance in Th17/Treg cells in UC mice. In conclusion, our study revealed that APS is a promising prebiotic agent for the maintenance of intestinal health and demonstrated that APS may ameliorate colitis in a gut microbiota-dependent manner.},
}

Animals
*Colitis, Ulcerative/drug therapy/chemically induced/immunology
*Th17 Cells/drug effects/immunology
Mice
*Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects
*Dextran Sulfate
*Polysaccharides/pharmacology/chemistry
*T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/drug effects/immunology/metabolism
*Mice, Inbred C57BL
Homeostasis/drug effects
Fatty Acids, Volatile/metabolism
Male
Astragalus Plant/chemistry
Astragalus propinquus/chemistry
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation

@article {pmid39640634,
year = {2024},
author = {Nezhadi, J and Fadaee, M and Ahmadi, S and Kafil, HS},
title = {Microbiota transplantation.},
journal = {Heliyon},
volume = {10},
number = {20},
pages = {e39047},
pmid = {39640634},
issn = {2405-8440},
abstract = {Microbiota refers to a collection of living microorganisms, including bacteria, yeasts, and viruses, that coexist in various sites of the human body. Microbiota can perform multiple functions in the body, which have an essential effect on human health and homeostasis. For example, the microbiota can digest polysaccharides, produce vitamins, modulate the immune system, and protect the body against pathogens. Various factors can occasionally alter the microbiota population in the human body, a condition known as dysbiosis. Dysbiosis can disrupt the homeostasis of a person's body and cause disease. Recent years have witnessed efforts to restore the microbiota population of an individual's body to its original state and eradicate dysbiosis through microbiota transplantation. The noteworthy point is that different methods such as fecal microbiota transplantation, vaginal microbiota transplantation (VMT), skin microbiota transplantation (SMT), oral microbiota transplantation (OMT), washed microbiota transplantation (WMT), and sinonasal microbiota transplantation (SiMT) are used for microbiota transplantation (MT). According to the results of studies and the usefulness of MT in improving a person's health, the purpose of this study is to investigate different methods of MT to eliminate dysbiosis.},
}

@article {pmid39640340,
year = {2024},
author = {Ma, BDY and Chan, TYH and Lo, BWY},
title = {Unveiling the hidden culprit: How the brain-gut axis fuels neuroinflammation in ischemic stroke.},
journal = {Surgical neurology international},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {394},
pmid = {39640340},
issn = {2229-5097},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The brain-gut axis represents a bidirectional communication network between the gut microbiome and the central nervous system that plays an important role in homeostasis. Compelling evidence now confirms that ischemic stroke disrupts this delicate balance by inducing gut dysbiosis.

METHODS: A comprehensive literature search was performed in PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar for articles published between January 2000 and January 2023 using relevant keywords. Studies were limited to English and included original studies, literature, and systematic reviewers from peer-reviewed journals which discussed gut microbiota composition in models/subjects with ischemic stroke or assessed stroke impact on gut microbiota. Comments, meeting abstracts, and case reports were excluded. From the 80 relevant articles, we summarized key findings related to gut microbiota changes after stroke and their association with stroke outcomes.

RESULTS: Emerging preclinical evidence underscores the pivotal role of the gut microbiome in glial cell development and function. Germ-free models exhibit compromised microglial activation and impaired cellular debris clearance, exacerbating tissue damage following ischemic stroke. Targeted interventions, including prebiotics, probiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation, have demonstrated efficacy in rescuing glial phenotypes in preclinical stroke models. Beyond its local effects, the gut microbiome significantly influences systemic immunity. Ischemic stroke polarizes pro-inflammatory phenotypes of neutrophils and T cells, amplifying neurovascular inflammation. Microbiota manipulation modulates leukocyte trafficking and metabolic signaling, offering potential avenues to mitigate infarct pathology.

CONCLUSION: Our review demonstrates that in preclinical stroke models, modulating the lipopolysaccharide, short-chain fatty acid, and trimethylamine N-oxide pathways through the gut-brain axis reduces infarct sizes and edema and improves functional recovery after ischemic stroke. Further exploration of this important axis may unveil additional adjunctive stroke therapies by elucidating the complex interplay between the microbiome and the brain. Rigorously controlled clinical studies are now warranted to translate these promising preclinical findings and investigate whether manipulating the microbiome-brain relationship can help improve outcomes for stroke patients. Overall, continued research on the gut-brain axis holds exciting possibilities for developing novel treatment strategies that may enhance recovery after stroke.},
}

@article {pmid39640265,
year = {2024},
author = {Wang, H and Deng, F and Luo, M and Wang, X},
title = {Case report: Fecal microbiota transplant for Clostridium difficile infection in a pregnant patient with acute severe ulcerative colitis.},
journal = {Frontiers in immunology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1417003},
pmid = {39640265},
issn = {1664-3224},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ; Pregnancy ; *Colitis, Ulcerative/therapy/immunology/microbiology ; Adult ; *Clostridium Infections/therapy/immunology ; Clostridioides difficile ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/therapy/microbiology ; Treatment Outcome ; Acute Disease ; Severity of Illness Index ; },
abstract = {Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic colonic mucosal inflammation characterized by reduced gut microbial diversity. Patients with UC at pregnancy are prone to suffer from severe disease progression due to the changes of hormone and immune regulation. Fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) is a promising therapy for UC and recurrent Clostridium difficile infection (CDI). However, acute severe ulcerative colitis (ASUC) treatment especially in patients at pregnancy is clinically challenging. Herein, we report a 34-year-old pregnant woman who manifested with numerous bloody stools and markedly elevated serological inflammatory indicators and was diagnosed with ASUC and concurrent CDI. The use of intravenous injection steroids and anti-TNF-α therapy failed to improve her condition. Frozen encapsulated FMT therapy was finally performed to this patient with clearly improved symptoms and indications of safe delivery without UC flares or complications, and markedly increased diversity of the gut microbiota was also shown in this patient after FMT. This report firstly describes FMT as a safe salvage therapy for a pregnant patient with CDI and ASUC refractory to intravenous steroids and anti-TNF therapy.},
}

Humans
Female
*Fecal Microbiota Transplantation
Pregnancy
*Colitis, Ulcerative/therapy/immunology/microbiology
Adult
*Clostridium Infections/therapy/immunology
Clostridioides difficile
Gastrointestinal Microbiome
Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/therapy/microbiology
Treatment Outcome
Acute Disease
Severity of Illness Index

@article {pmid39638178,
year = {2024},
author = {Gong, JZ and Huang, JJ and Pan, M and Jin, QW and Fan, YM and Shi, WQ and Huang, SY},
title = {Cathepsin L of Fasciola hepatica meliorates colitis by altering the gut microbiome and inflammatory macrophages.},
journal = {International journal of biological macromolecules},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {138270},
doi = {10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.138270},
pmid = {39638178},
issn = {1879-0003},
abstract = {Helminths can relieve the development of autoimmune diseases and inflammatory diseases, by inducing anti-inflammatory innate immune responses. Here, we report that CL7, a Cathepsin L protein secreted by Fasciola hepatica, inhibited the activation of the NF-κB and MAPK signaling resulting in reduced secretion of inflammatory mediators in macrophages. Furthermore，we found that CL7 could prevent dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) induced ulcerative colitis (UC). CL7 and ESP administration restored DSS-induced body weight loss, colon shortening, and injury, significantly decreased the disease activity index (DAI) and alleviated colonic epithelial injury. CL7 noticeably suppressed the DSS-triggered M1 polarization upregulation and inhibited IL-17 and other inflammatory mediator production in UC mice. Additionally, CL7 ameliorated DSS-induced microbiota dysbiosis. Results of Antibiotic treatment (ABX) and fecal microbial transplants (FMT) suggested that the gut microbiota played an important role in CL7 treating UC. These findings propose that CL7 could be a promising strategy for UC therapy.},
}

@article {pmid39635024,
year = {2024},
author = {Skladany, L and Kubanek, N and Adamcova Selcanova, S and Zilincanova, D and Havaj, D and Sulejova, K and Soltys, K and Messingerova, L and Lichvar, M and Laffers, L and Zilincan, M and Honsova, E and Liptak, P and Banovcin, P and Bures, J and Koller, T and Golubnitschaja, O and Arab, JP},
title = {3PM-guided innovation in treatments of severe alcohol-associated hepatitis utilizing fecal microbiota transplantation.},
journal = {The EPMA journal},
volume = {15},
number = {4},
pages = {677-692},
pmid = {39635024},
issn = {1878-5077},
abstract = {RATIONALE: Severe alcohol-associated hepatitis (SAH) is the most critical, acute, inflammatory phenotype within the alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) spectrum, characterized by high 30- and 90-day mortality. Since several decades, corticosteroids (CS) are the only approved pharmacotherapy offering highly limited survival benefits. Contextually, there is an evident demand for 3PM innovation in the area meeting patients' needs and improving individual outcomes. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has emerged as one of the new potential therapeutic options. In this study, we aimed to address the crucial 3PM domains in order to assess (i) the impact of FMT on mortality in SAH patients beyond CS, (ii) to identify factors associated with the outcome to be improved (iii) the prediction of futility, (iv) prevention of suboptimal individual outcomes linked to increased mortality, and (v) personalized allocation of therapy.

METHODS: We conducted a prospective study (NCT04758806) in adult patients with SAH who were non-responders (NR) to or non-eligible (NE) for CS between January 2018 and August 2022. The intervention consisted of five 100 ml of FMT, prepared from 30 g stool from an unrelated healthy donor and frozen at - 80 °C, administered daily to the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract. We evaluated the impact of FMT on 30- and 90-day mortality which we compared to the control group selected by the propensity score matching and treated by the standard of care; the control group was derived from the RH7 registry of patients hospitalized at the liver unit (NCT04767945). We have also scrutinized the FMT outcome against established and potential prognostic factors for SAH - such as the model for end-stage liver disease (MELD), Maddrey Discriminant Function (MDF), acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF), Liver Frailty Index (LFI), hepatic venous-portal pressure gradient (HVPG) and Alcoholic Hepatitis Histologic Score (AHHS) - to see if the 3PM method assigns them a new dimension in predicting response to therapy, prevention of suboptimal individual outcomes, and personalized patient management.

RESULTS: We enrolled 44 patients with SAH (NR or NE) on an intention-to-treat basis; we analyzed 33 patients per protocol for associated factors (after an additional 11 being excluded for receiving less than 5 doses of FMT), and 31 patients by propensity score matching for corresponding individual outcomes, respectively. The mean age was 49.6 years, 11 patients (33.3%) were females. The median MELD score was 29, and ACLF of any degree had 27 patients (81.8%). FMT improved 30-day mortality (p = 0.0204) and non-significantly improved 90-day mortality (p = 0.4386). Univariate analysis identified MELD ≥ 30, MDF ≥ 90, and ACLF grade > 1 as significant predictors of 30-day mortality, (p = 0.031; p = 0.014; p = 0.034). Survival was not associated with baseline LFI, HVPG, or AHHS.

In the most difficult-to-treat sub-cohort of patients with SAH (i.e., NR/NE), FMT improved 30-day mortality. Factors associated with benefit included MELD ≤ 30, MDF ≤ 90, and ACLF < 2. These results support the potential of gut microbiome as a therapeutic target in the context of 3PM research and vice versa - to use 3PM methodology as the expedient unifying template for microbiome research. The results allow for immediate impact on the innovative concepts of (i) personalized phenotyping and stratification of the disease for the clinical research and practice, (ii) multilevel predictive diagnosis related to personalized/precise treatment allocation including evidence-based (ii) prevention of futile and sub-optimally effective therapy, as well as (iii) targeted prevention of poor individual outcomes in patients with SAH. Moreover, our results add to the existing evidence with the potential to generate new research along the SAH's pathogenetic pathways such as diverse individual susceptibility to alcohol toxicity, host-specific mitochondrial function and systemic inflammation, and the role of gut dysbiosis thereof.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13167-024-00381-5.},
}

@article {pmid39633321,
year = {2024},
author = {Farias, RM and Jiang, Y and Levy, EJ and Hwang, C and Wang, J and Burton, EM and Cohen, L and Ajami, N and Wargo, JA and Daniel, CR and McQuade, JL},
title = {Diet and Immune Effects Trial (DIET)- a randomized, double-blinded dietary intervention study in patients with melanoma receiving immunotherapy.},
journal = {BMC cancer},
volume = {24},
number = {1},
pages = {1493},
pmid = {39633321},
issn = {1471-2407},
support = {R25 CA203650/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Melanoma/therapy/immunology/diet therapy ; Double-Blind Method ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome/immunology ; Female ; Male ; Immunotherapy/methods ; Dietary Fiber/administration & dosage ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; Quality of Life ; Aged ; Diet ; Skin Neoplasms/diet therapy/immunology/therapy ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Gut microbiome modulation is a promising strategy for enhancing the response to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). Fecal microbiota transplant studies have shown positive signals of improved outcomes in both ICB-naïve and refractory melanoma patients; however, this strategy is challenging to scale. Diet is a key determinant of the gut microbiota, and we have previously shown that (a) habitual high dietary fiber intake is associated with an improved response to ICB and (b) fiber manipulation in mice impacts antitumor immunity. We recently demonstrated the feasibility of a controlled high-fiber dietary intervention (HFDI) conducted in melanoma survivors with excellent compliance and tolerance. Building on this, we are now conducting a phase II randomized trial of HFDI versus a healthy control diet in melanoma patients receiving ICB.

METHODS: This is a randomized, double-blind, fully controlled feeding study that will enroll 45 melanoma patients starting standard-of-care (SOC) ICB in three settings: adjuvant, neoadjuvant, and unresectable. Patients are randomized 2:1 to the HFDI (target fiber 50 g/day from whole foods) or healthy control diet (target fiber 20 g/day) stratified by BMI and cohort. All meals are prepared by the MD Anderson Bionutrition Core and are isocaloric and macronutrient-controlled. The intervention includes a 1-week equilibration period and then up to 11 weeks of diet intervention. Longitudinal blood, stool and tumor tissue (if available) are collected throughout the trial and at 12 weeks post intervention.

DISCUSSION: This DIET study is the first fully controlled feeding study among cancer patients who are actively receiving immunotherapy. The goal of the current study is to establish the effects of dietary intervention on the structure and function of the gut microbiome in patients with melanoma treated with SOC immunotherapies. The secondary endpoints include changes in systemic and tumor immunity, changes in the metabolic profile, quality of life, symptoms, disease response and immunotherapy toxicity.

TRIAL REGISTRATION: This protocol is registered with the U.S. National Institutes of Health trial registry, ClinicalTrials.gov, under the identifier NCT04645680. First posted 2020-11-27; last verified 2024-06.},
}

Humans
*Melanoma/therapy/immunology/diet therapy
Double-Blind Method
*Gastrointestinal Microbiome/immunology
Female
Male
Immunotherapy/methods
Dietary Fiber/administration & dosage
Adult
Middle Aged
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/therapeutic use
Quality of Life
Aged
Diet
Skin Neoplasms/diet therapy/immunology/therapy

@article {pmid39633000,
year = {2024},
author = {Yang, D and Fu, S and Shi, Y},
title = {Gut microbiota modulation: a novel mechanism in arb-mediated hypertension treatment.},
journal = {Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {39633000},
issn = {1348-4214},
}

@article {pmid39631325,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhang, Y and Liu, Q and Xie, H and Zhang, W and Lin, X and Zhang, H and Yu, H and Ma, Y and Zhang, C and Geng, H and Shi, N and Cui, L and Li, B and Li, YF},
title = {Fecal microbiota transplantation as an effective way in treating methylmercury-poisoned rats.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {957},
number = {},
pages = {177850},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.177850},
pmid = {39631325},
issn = {1879-1026},
abstract = {Methylmercury (MeHg) can cause devastating neurotoxicity in animals and human beings. Gut microbiota dysbiosis has been found in MeHg-poisoned animals. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has been shown to improve clinical outcomes in a variety of diseases such as epilepsy, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and autism. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of FMT on MeHg-poisoned rats. FMT treatment was applied to MeHg-poisoned rats for 14 days. The neurobehavior, weight changes, dopamine (DA), the total Hg and MeHg level were evaluated. Besides, the gut microbiota and metabolites change in feces were also checked. It was found that FMT helped weight gain, alleviated the neurological disorders, enhanced fecal mercury excretion and MeHg demethylation, reconstructed gut microbiome and promoted the production of gut-brain axis related-metabolites in MeHg-poisoned rats. This study elaborates on the therapeutic efficacy of FMT in treating of MeHg-poisoned rats, which sheds lights on the treatment of neurological diseases like Minamata Disease and even Parkinson's Disease.},
}

@article {pmid39630000,
year = {2024},
author = {Barbosa, IG and Miranda, AS and Berk, M and Teixeira, AL},
title = {The involvement of the microbiota-gut-brain axis in the pathophysiology of mood disorders and therapeutic implications.},
journal = {Expert review of neurotherapeutics},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1080/14737175.2024.2438646},
pmid = {39630000},
issn = {1744-8360},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: There is a growing body of evidence implicating gut-brain axis dysfunction in the pathophysiology of mood disorders. Accordingly, gut microbiota has become a promising target for the development of biomarkers and novel therapeutics for bipolar and depressive disorders.

AREAS COVERED: We describe the observed changes in the gut microbiota of patients with mood disorders and discuss the available studies assessing microbiota-based strategies for their treatment.

EXPERT OPINION: Microbiota-targeted interventions, such as symbiotics, prebiotics, paraprobiotics, and fecal microbiota transplants seem to attenuate the severity of depressive symptoms. The available results must be seen as preliminary and need to be replicated and/or confirmed in larger and independent studies, also considering the pathophysiological and clinical heterogeneity of mood disorders.},
}

@article {pmid39629909,
year = {2024},
author = {Sin, HCL and Haifer, C},
title = {Faecal transplantation: the good, the bad and the ugly.},
journal = {Internal medicine journal},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/imj.16559},
pmid = {39629909},
issn = {1445-5994},
abstract = {There continues to be significant interest from both clinicians and patients in using faecal transplantation, as the integral role of the gut microbiome is increasingly recognised in various disease conditions, both within and beyond the gut. This Clinical Perspectives article provides an overview of existing literature, factors limiting the use of faecal microbial transplantation in clinical practice and exciting new advancements on the horizon.},
}

@article {pmid39628464,
year = {2024},
author = {Hu, X and Wu, Q and Huang, L and Xu, J and He, X and Wu, L},
title = {Clinical efficacy of washed microbiota transplantation on metabolic syndrome and metabolic profile of donor outer membrane vesicles.},
journal = {Frontiers in nutrition},
volume = {11},
number = {},
pages = {1465499},
pmid = {39628464},
issn = {2296-861X},
abstract = {OBJECT: To clarify the clinical efficacy of washed microbiota transplantation (WMT) for metabolic syndrome (MetS), and explore the differences in the metabolic profile of bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) in donor fecal bacteria suspension received by MetS patients with good and poor outcomes, and to construct a predictive model for the efficacy of WMT for MetS using differential metabolites.

METHODS: Medical data 65 MetS patients who had completed at least 2 courses of WMT from 2017.05 to 2023.07 were collected. Fecal bacteria suspension of WMT donors were collected, and the clinical data of MetS patients treated with WMT during this period were collected as well. The changes of BMI, blood glucose, blood lipids, blood pressure and other indicators before and after WMT were compared. OMVs were isolated from donor fecal bacteria suspension and off-target metabolomic sequencing was performed by Liquid Chromatograph Mass Spectrometer (LC-MS).

RESULTS: Compared with baseline, Body mass index (BMI), Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and Diastolic blood pressure (DBP) of MetS patients showed significant decreases after the 1st (short-term) and 2nd (medium-term) courses, and fasting blood glucose (FBG) also showed significant decreases after the 1st session. There was a significant difference between the Marked Response OMVs and the Moderate Response OMVs. It was showed that 960 metabolites were significantly up-regulated in Marked Response OMVs and 439 metabolites that were significantly down-regulated. The ROC model suggested that 9-carboxymethoxymethylguanine, AUC = 0.8127, 95% CI [0.6885, 0.9369], was the most potent metabolite predicting the most available metabolite for efficacy.

CONCLUSION: WMT had significant short-term and medium-term clinical efficacy in MetS. There were differences in the structure of metabolites between Marked Response OMVs and Moderate Response OMVs. The level of 9-Carboxy methoxy methylguanine in Marked Response OMVs can be a good predictor of the efficacy of WMT in the treatment of MetS.},
}

@article {pmid39624719,
year = {2024},
author = {Xiang, A and Chang, Y and Shi, L and Zhou, X},
title = {Mapping the relationship between alcohol use disorder and gut microbiota: a 20-year bibliometric study.},
journal = {Frontiers in microbiology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1457969},
pmid = {39624719},
issn = {1664-302X},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a psychiatric disorder that is widespread worldwide. Alcohol use is a significant contributor to the global burden of death, disability and disease. Modulation of the gut microbiota is a promising approach to improve the efficacy and minimize the adverse effects of colorectal cancer treatment. The relationship between the presence of microbes and AUD has been widely validated. However, few studies have examined this relationship using bibliometric methods. Therefore, this study analyzes the research hotspots and trends in human gut microbiology and AUD over the last two decades from a bibliometric perspective. This study aims at provide new directions for basic and clinical research in this field.

OBJECTIVE: A comprehensive discussion of the relationship between the current state of research and trends in AUD and intestinal flora.

METHODS: We collected publications from the Web of Science Core Collection database from 2003 to 2023 according to established inclusion criteria. We analyzed countries, institutions, authors, and research contributions using CiteSpace, VOSviewer, and Scimago Graphics to visualize research trends in the field.

RESULTS: A total of 2,102 publications were obtained, with a rapid increase in the number of publications since 2016. The United States and China are major contributors to the field and have established a network of partners in several countries. Five hundred ninety-five academic journals published articles on the topic. The author with the highest number of publications is Prof. Bernd Schnabl of the Department of Gastroenterology at the University of California, San Diego. In addition to "gut flora" and "AUD," high frequency words in the keyword co-occurrence network analysis included alcoholic liver disease, tryptophan metabolism, enterohepatic axis, and fecal microbial transplantation.

CONCLUSION: The results of this study provide a bibliometric analysis and visualization of key research areas in the gut microbiota and AUD over the past 20 years. The results suggest that the role of the gut microbiota in AUD and its potential mechanisms, especially therapeutic targets, should be closely monitored and could become a hot topic in the field.},
}

@article {pmid39621384,
year = {2024},
author = {Hoeg, A and Kuchma, N and Krane, A and Graiziger, C and Thomas, J and Kelly, CR and Khoruts, A},
title = {Oral Capsule FMT Combined With Bezlotoxumab Is a Successful Rescue Protocol Following Failure of FMT Alone in the Treatment of Recurrent C. difficile Infection.},
journal = {Journal of clinical gastroenterology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1097/MCG.0000000000002108},
pmid = {39621384},
issn = {1539-2031},
abstract = {GOALS: Evaluate the benefit of adding bezlotoxumab to repeat fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in patients with recurrent Clostridioides difficile infections after the failure of FMT alone.

BACKGROUND: The initial failure of FMT in breaking the cycle of recurrent Clostridium difficile(C. difficile) infections is associated with a greater risk of subsequent failure. Our previous analysis showed that FMT failure is associated with delayed repair of fecal microbiota at 1 week after administration. We hypothesized that increasing the symptom-free interval by adding bezlotoxumab would improve the outcomes of a second FMT.

STUDY: A new rescue protocol that combines FMT with bezlotoxumab for patients who previously failed FMT alone was implemented in 2 academic medical centers. The clinical outcomes of a new protocol were captured in a prospective registry. The results were compared in a retrospective analysis of clinical outcomes of prior experience with repeat FMT by itself. All FMT preparations were standardized for dose. Bezlotoxumab administration was synchronized temporally with the second FMT to maximize its duration of action.

RESULTS: Our historical cure rate of second FMT in treatment of recurrent C. difficile infection was 48% (15/31 patients). Addition of bezlotoxumab to the second FMT resulted in a cure rate of 89% (24/27 patients).

CONCLUSIONS: Addition of bezlotoxumab markedly improved the cure rate of the second FMT following initial FMT failure. The rationale for the protocol design highlights the importance of understanding the pharmacokinetics of both bezlotoxumab and FMT. Similar principles may apply to other live biotherapeutic products that are becoming available for prevention of C. difficile infection recurrence.},
}

@article {pmid39619696,
year = {2024},
author = {Kang, P and Bae, GS and Jeon, E and Choi, J and Hwang, EH and Kim, G and Baek, SH and Shim, K and An, YJ and Lim, KS and Kim, Y and Oh, T and Hong, JJ and Lee, WK and Kim, SH and Koo, BS},
title = {Comprehensive effects of fecal microbiota transplantation on cynomolgus macaques across various fecal conditions.},
journal = {Frontiers in microbiology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1458923},
pmid = {39619696},
issn = {1664-302X},
abstract = {Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) and probiotics therapies represent key clinical options, yet their complex effects on the host are not fully understood. We evaluated the comprehensive effects of FMT using diarrheal or normal feces, as well as probiotic therapies, on multiple anatomical sites in healthy cynomolgus macaques through colonoscopy and surgery. Our research revealed that FMT led to a partial microbiome transplantation without exhibiting the donor's fecal clinical characteristics. Notably, FMT increased insulin and C-peptide levels in each animal according time series, regardless of fecal conditions. Immunologically, a reduction in neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio were exclusively observed in femoral veins of FMT group. In blood chemistry analyses, reductions in aspartate aminotransferase, blood urea nitrogen, and creatinine were observed in the femoral veins, while elevated levels of alanine aminotransferase and calcium were exclusively detected in the portal veins. These changes were not observed in the probiotic group. Also, short chain fatty acids were significantly higher increase in portal veins rather than femoral veins. Transcriptome analysis of liver tissues showed that metabolic pathways were primarily affected by both FMT and probiotics therapies. In summary, FMT therapy significantly influenced metabolic, immunologic and transcriptomic responses in normal macaque models, regardless of fecal conditions. Also, these macaque models, which utilize surgery and colonoscopy, serve as a human-like preclinical platform for evaluating long-term effects and anatomically specific responses to gut-targeted interventions, without the need for animal sacrifice.},
}

@article {pmid39619695,
year = {2024},
author = {Han, X and Zhang, BW and Zeng, W and Ma, ML and Wang, KX and Yuan, BJ and Xu, DQ and Geng, JX and Fan, CY and Gao, ZK and Arshad, M and Gao, S and Zhao, L and Liu, SL and Mu, XQ},
title = {Suppressed oncogenic molecules involved in the treatment of colorectal cancer by fecal microbiota transplantation.},
journal = {Frontiers in microbiology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1451303},
pmid = {39619695},
issn = {1664-302X},
abstract = {Dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota is prevalent among patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). This study aims to explore the anticancer roles of the fecal microbiota in inhibiting the progression of colorectal cancer and possible mechanisms. The intestinal microbial dysbiosis in CRC mice was significantly ameliorated by fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), as indicated by the restored ACE index and Shannon index. The diameter and number of cancerous foci were significantly decreased in CRC mice treated with FMT, along with the restoration of the intestinal mucosal structure and the lessening of the gland arrangement disorder. Key factors in oxidative stress (TXN1, TXNRD1, and HIF-1α); cell cycle regulators (IGF-1, BIRC5, CDK8, HDAC2, EGFR, and CTSL); and a critical transcription factor of the innate immune signal pathway (IRF5) were among the repressed oncogenic targets engaged in the FMT treatment of CRC. Correlation analysis revealed that their expressions were positively correlated with uncultured_bacterium_o_Mollicutes_RF39, Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group, and negatively correlated with Bacillus, Marvinbryantia, Roseburia, Angelakisella, Enterorhabdus, Bacteroides, Muribaculum, and genera of uncultured_bacterium_f_Eggerthellaceae, uncultured_bacterium_f_Xanthobacteraceae, Prevotellaceae_UCG-001, uncultured_bacterium_f_Erysipelotrichaceae, uncul-tured_bacterium_f_Lachnospiraceae, uncultured_bacterium_f_Ruminococcaceae, Eubacterium_coprostanoligenes_group, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-005, and uncultured_bacterium_f_Peptococcaceae. This study provides more evidence for the application of FMT in the clinical treatment of CRC.},
}

@article {pmid39619660,
year = {2024},
author = {Xi, M and Ruan, Q and Zhong, S and Li, J and Qi, W and Xie, C and Wang, X and Abuduxiku, N and Ni, J},
title = {Periodontal bacteria influence systemic diseases through the gut microbiota.},
journal = {Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology},
volume = {14},
number = {},
pages = {1478362},
pmid = {39619660},
issn = {2235-2988},
mesh = {Humans ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome/physiology ; *Dysbiosis/microbiology ; Diabetes Mellitus/microbiology ; Alzheimer Disease/microbiology ; Bacteria/classification/genetics/pathogenicity ; Cardiovascular Diseases/microbiology ; Mouth/microbiology ; Animals ; },
abstract = {Many systemic diseases, including Alzheimer disease (AD), diabetes mellitus (DM) and cardiovascular disease, are associated with microbiota dysbiosis. The oral and intestinal microbiota are directly connected anatomically, and communicate with each other through the oral-gut microbiome axis to establish and maintain host microbial homeostasis. In addition to directly, periodontal bacteria may also be indirectly involved in the regulation of systemic health and disease through the disturbed gut. This paper provides evidence for the role of periodontal bacteria in systemic diseases via the oral-gut axis and the far-reaching implications of maintaining periodontal health in reducing the risk of many intestinal and parenteral diseases. This may provide insight into the underlying pathogenesis of many systemic diseases and the search for new preventive and therapeutic strategies.},
}

Humans
*Gastrointestinal Microbiome/physiology
*Dysbiosis/microbiology
Diabetes Mellitus/microbiology
Alzheimer Disease/microbiology
Bacteria/classification/genetics/pathogenicity
Cardiovascular Diseases/microbiology
Mouth/microbiology
Animals

@article {pmid39617896,
year = {2024},
author = {Feng, R and Zhu, Q and Wang, A and Wang, H and Wang, J and Chen, P and Zhang, R and Liang, D and Teng, J and Ma, M and Ding, X and Wang, X},
title = {Effect of fecal microbiota transplantation on patients with sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.},
journal = {BMC medicine},
volume = {22},
number = {1},
pages = {566},
pmid = {39617896},
issn = {1741-7015},
mesh = {Humans ; *Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/therapy ; *Fecal Microbiota Transplantation/methods ; Double-Blind Method ; Female ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome/physiology ; Treatment Outcome ; Quality of Life ; Adult ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder marked by the progressive loss of motor neurons. Recent insights into ALS pathogenesis underscore the pivotal role of the gut microbiome, prompting an investigation into the potential therapeutic impact of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) on sporadic ALS patients.

METHODS: Conducted as a double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, randomized clinical trial, the study enrolled 27 participants from October 2022 to April 2023. The participants were followed up for 6 months from February 2023 to October 2023, during in-person visits at baseline, week 15, week 23, and week 35. The participants, evenly randomized, received either healthy donor FMT (FMT, n = 14) or a mixture of 0.9% saline and food coloring (E150c) as sham transplantation (placebo, n = 13). The primary outcome measured the change in the ALS Functional Rating Scale-Revised (ALSFRS-R) total score from baseline to week 35. Secondary outcomes included changes in gastrointestinal and respiratory functions, muscle strength, autonomic function, cognition, quality of life, intestinal microbiome composition, and plasm neurofilament light chain protein (NFL). Efficacy and safety outcomes were assessed in the intention-to-treat population.

RESULTS: A total of 27 randomized patients (47% women; mean age, 67.2 years), 24 participants completed the entire study. Notably, ALSFRS-R score changes exhibited no significant differences between FMT (6.1 [SD, 3.11]) and placebo (6.41[SD, 2.73]) groups from baseline to week 35. Secondary efficacy outcomes, encompassing respiratory function, muscle strength, autonomic function, cognition, quality of life, and plasm NFL, showed no significant differences. Nevertheless, the FMT group exhibited improvements in constipation, depression, and anxiety symptoms. FMT induced a shift in gut microbiome community composition, marked by increased abundance of Bifidobacterium, which persisted until week 15 (95% CI, 0.04 to 0.28; p = 0.01). Gastrointestinal adverse events were the primary manifestations of FMT-related side effects.

CONCLUSIONS: In this clinical trial involving 27 sporadic ALS patients, FMT did not significantly slow the decline in ALSFRS-R score. Larger multicenter trials are needed to confirm the efficacy of FMT in sporadic ALS patients and to explore the underlying biological mechanisms.

TRIAL REGISTRATION: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry Identifier: ChiCTR 2200064504.},
}

Humans
*Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/therapy
*Fecal Microbiota Transplantation/methods
Double-Blind Method
Female
Male
Middle Aged
Aged
Gastrointestinal Microbiome/physiology
Treatment Outcome
Quality of Life
Adult

@article {pmid39471905,
year = {2025},
author = {Salia, S and Burke, FF and Hinks, ME and Randell, AM and Matheson, MA and Walling, SG and Swift-Gallant, A},
title = {Gut microbiota transfer from the preclinical maternal immune activation model of autism is sufficient to induce sex-specific alterations in immune response and behavioural outcomes.},
journal = {Brain, behavior, and immunity},
volume = {123},
number = {},
pages = {813-823},
doi = {10.1016/j.bbi.2024.10.030},
pmid = {39471905},
issn = {1090-2139},
mesh = {Animals ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome/immunology ; Female ; Male ; Mice ; *Disease Models, Animal ; *Mice, Inbred C57BL ; *Autism Spectrum Disorder/immunology/microbiology ; *Behavior, Animal/physiology ; Pregnancy ; Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ; Autistic Disorder/immunology/microbiology ; Sex Characteristics ; Social Behavior ; Sex Factors ; Anxiety/immunology/microbiology ; Cytokines/metabolism ; },
abstract = {The gut microbiome plays a vital role in health and disease, including neurodevelopmental disorders like autism spectrum disorder (ASD). ASD affects 4:1 males-to-females, and sex differences are apparent in gut microbiota composition among ASD individuals and in animal models of this condition, such as the maternal immune activation (MIA) mouse model. However, few studies have included sex as a biological variable when assessing the role of gut microbiota in mediating ASD symptoms. Using the MIA model of ASD, we assessed whether gut microbiota contributes to the sex differences in the presentation of ASD-like behaviors. Gut microbiota transplantation from MIA or vehicle/control male and female mice into healthy, otherwise unmanipulated, 4-week-old C57Bl/6 mice was performed for 6 treatments over 12 days. Colonization with male, but not female, MIA microbiota was sufficient to reduce sociability, decrease microbiota diversity and increase neuroinflammation with more pronounced deficits in male recipients. Colonization with both male and female donor microbiota altered juvenile ultrasonic vocalizations and anxiety-like behavior in recipients of both sexes, and there was an accompanied change in the gut microbiota and serum cytokine IL-4 and IL-7 levels of all recipients of MIA gut microbiota. In addition to the increases in gut microbes associated with pathological states, the female donor microbiota profile also had increases in gut microbes with known neural protective effects (e.g., Lactobacillus and Rikenella). These results suggest that gut reactivity to environmental insults, such as in the MIA model, may play a role in shaping the sex disparity in ASD development.},
}

Animals
*Gastrointestinal Microbiome/immunology
Female
Male
Mice
*Disease Models, Animal
*Mice, Inbred C57BL
*Autism Spectrum Disorder/immunology/microbiology
*Behavior, Animal/physiology
Pregnancy
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation
Autistic Disorder/immunology/microbiology
Sex Characteristics
Social Behavior
Sex Factors
Anxiety/immunology/microbiology
Cytokines/metabolism

@article {pmid39617011,
year = {2024},
author = {Berzack, S and Galor, A},
title = {Microbiome-based therapeutics for ocular diseases.},
journal = {Clinical & experimental optometry},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-8},
doi = {10.1080/08164622.2024.2422479},
pmid = {39617011},
issn = {1444-0938},
abstract = {The relationship between the gut microbiome and ocular health has garnered increasing attention within the scientific community. Recent research has focused on the gut-eye axis, examining whether imbalances within the gut microbiome can influence the development, progression and severity of ocular diseases, including dry eye disease, uveitis, and glaucoma. Dysbiosis within the gut microbiome is linked to immune dysregulation, chronic inflammation, and epithelial barrier dysfunction, all of which contribute to ocular pathology. This review synthesises current evidence on these associations, exploring how gut microbiome alterations drive disease mechanisms. Furthermore, it examines the therapeutic potential of microbiome-targeted interventions, including antibiotics, prebiotics, probiotics, and faecal microbiota transplantation, all of which aim to restore microbial balance and modulate immune responses. As the prevalence of these conditions continues to rise, a deeper understanding of the gut-eye axis may facilitate the development of novel, targeted therapies to address unmet needs in the management of ocular diseases.},
}

@article {pmid39614243,
year = {2024},
author = {Gan, G and Zhang, R and Zeng, Y and Lu, B and Luo, Y and Chen, S and Lei, H and Cai, Z and Huang, X},
title = {Fecal microbiota transplantation validates the importance of gut microbiota in an ApoE[-/-] mouse model of chronic apical periodontitis-induced atherosclerosis.},
journal = {BMC oral health},
volume = {24},
number = {1},
pages = {1455},
pmid = {39614243},
issn = {1472-6831},
support = {2022QNA073//Fujian Provincial Health Technology Project/ ; 2022GGA042//Fujian Provincial Health Technology Project/ ; 2023J01709//Fujian Province Natural Science Founding of China/ ; 81970926//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Atherosclerosis/microbiology/etiology ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Mice ; *Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ; *Periapical Periodontitis/microbiology/metabolism ; *Disease Models, Animal ; *Methylamines/blood/metabolism ; Apolipoproteins E ; Male ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Oxygenases/metabolism ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Chronic apical periodontitis (CAP) has been linked to the development of atherosclerosis, although the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the role of gut microbiota disruption in CAP-induced atherosclerosis development, focusing on trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO)-related metabolites.

METHODS: The study utilized fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) to transfer gut microbiota from mice with CAP to healthy mice. Atherosclerosis development was assessed by analyzing lesions in the aortic arch and aortic root. Serum lipid and inflammatory factor levels were measured. Composition and diversity of gut microbiota were analyzed using targeted metabolomics, with a focus on the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes. The expression of hepatic flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 (FMO3) and serum TMAO levels were also evaluated.

RESULTS: Mice receiving gut microbiota from CAP mice showed increased atherosclerotic lesions compared to controls, without significant differences in serum lipid or inflammatory factor levels. Alterations in gut microbiota composition were observed, characterized by an increase in the Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio. Peptostreptococcaceae abundance positively correlated with atherosclerosis severity, while Odoribacteraceae showed a negative correlation. No significant differences were found in hepatic FMO3 expression or serum TMAO levels.

CONCLUSIONS: The study confirms the role of gut microbiota disruption in CAP-mediated atherosclerosis development, independent of serum lipid or TMAO levels. Alterations in gut microbiota composition, particularly increased Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio and specific bacterial families, were associated with atherosclerosis severity. These findings highlight the intricate interplay between gut microbiota and cardiovascular health in the context of CAP.},
}

Animals
*Atherosclerosis/microbiology/etiology
*Gastrointestinal Microbiome
Mice
*Fecal Microbiota Transplantation
*Periapical Periodontitis/microbiology/metabolism
*Disease Models, Animal
*Methylamines/blood/metabolism
Apolipoproteins E
Male
Mice, Inbred C57BL
Oxygenases/metabolism

@article {pmid39612216,
year = {2024},
author = {Wang, T and Luo, Y and Kong, X and Fang, L and Zhu, L and Yu, B and Zheng, P and Huang, Z and Mao, X and Jie, Y and Luo, J and Yan, H and He, J},
title = {Multiomics comparative analysis of feces AMRGs of Duroc pigs and Tibetan and the effect of fecal microbiota transplantation on AMRGs upon antibiotic exposure.},
journal = {Microbiology spectrum},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0198324},
doi = {10.1128/spectrum.01983-24},
pmid = {39612216},
issn = {2165-0497},
abstract = {UNLABELLED: Fecal matter is recognized as both a reservoir and a transmission source for various antimicrobial resistance genes (AMRGs). However, the transcriptional activity of AMRGs in swine feces is not well understood. In addition, the effect of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) on the excretion of AMRGs has rarely been reported. Our study explored the diversity, abundance, transcriptional activity, and bacterial hosts of AMRGs in Tibetan and Duroc pig feces using metagenomic and metatranscriptomic sequencing technologies. We discovered a significantly higher genomic abundance of AMRGs in the feces of Duroc pigs compared to Tibetan pigs (P < 0.001), although the transcript levels did not show a significant difference. The results showed that the core composition of AMRGs in pig feces varied considerably, with the most transcriptionally active AMRGs being oqxB, tetQ, Bla1, dfrA1, and amrB. Furthermore, the Firmicutes phylum is the main host of AMRGs. By transplanting fecal flora from Tibetan and Duroc pigs into the intestines of Duroc Landrace Yorkshire (DLY) piglets after acute antibiotic exposure, we found that only Tibetan pig fecal flora significantly reduced AMRGs in the feces of DLY piglets (P < 0.05). The effectiveness of Tibetan pig fecal microorganisms in removing AMRGs from DLY pig feces was mainly influenced by microbial communities, especially the Bacteroidota phylum. These findings offer valuable insights for the prevention and control of AMRG pollution.

IMPORTANCE: To the best of our knowledge, this study represents the first comprehensive analysis of antimicrobial resistance gene (AMRGs) expression in the fecal microbiota of Tibetan and Duroc pigs, employing an integrated metagenomic and metatranscriptomic approach. Our findings indicate a higher risk of AMRGs transmission in the feces of Duroc pigs compared to Tibetan pigs. Given the escalating antimicrobial resistance crisis, novel therapeutic interventions are imperative to mitigate gut colonization by pathogens and AMRGs. In this regard, we investigated the impact of fecal microbiota from Tibetan and Duroc pig sources on AMRGs excretion in Duroc Landrace Yorkshire (DLY) piglets' feces following acute antibiotic exposure. Remarkably, only fecal microbiota sourced from Tibetan pigs exhibited a reduction in AMRGs excretion in DLY piglets' feces. This underscores the significance of evaluating the presence of AMRGs within donor fecal microbiota for effective AMRGs decolonization strategies.},
}

@article {pmid39608831,
year = {2024},
author = {Tang, JMF and Habib, F and Rahmdil, M and Apostolou, N},
title = {Autologous faecal microbiota transplantation via double barrel stoma to treat chronic diversion colitis.},
journal = {BMJ case reports},
volume = {17},
number = {11},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1136/bcr-2024-262806},
pmid = {39608831},
issn = {1757-790X},
mesh = {Humans ; *Fecal Microbiota Transplantation/methods ; *Colitis/therapy/microbiology/surgery ; *Ileostomy ; Male ; Transplantation, Autologous ; Middle Aged ; Treatment Outcome ; Chronic Disease ; Female ; },
abstract = {Diversion colitis is a common phenomenon affecting patients after defunctioning ileostomy. We present a complex case of diversion colitis where the patient was deemed unsuitable for restorative surgery due to multiple areas of stricturing in a long defunctioned colonic segment. Despite initial treatments with rectally administered topical mesalazine, butyrate enemas and topical steroid therapy, the patient remained symptomatic with rectal bleeding and mucus discharge. Furthermore, the appearance of colitis could be appreciated on endoscopy and radiological investigations with changes in histology consistent with moderate-severe diversion colitis. This article describes our experience in the use of autologous faecal transplant administered via the efferent loop of a double-barrel ileostomy to successfully treat diversion colitis refractory to standard topical therapy.},
}

Humans
*Fecal Microbiota Transplantation/methods
*Colitis/therapy/microbiology/surgery
*Ileostomy
Male
Transplantation, Autologous
Middle Aged
Treatment Outcome
Chronic Disease
Female

@article {pmid39607612,
year = {2024},
author = {Qasem, HH and El-Sayed, WM},
title = {The bacterial microbiome and cancer: development, diagnosis, treatment, and future directions.},
journal = {Clinical and experimental medicine},
volume = {25},
number = {1},
pages = {12},
pmid = {39607612},
issn = {1591-9528},
mesh = {Humans ; *Neoplasms/therapy/microbiology/diagnosis ; *Dysbiosis ; *Microbiota ; Bacteria/classification/genetics ; Probiotics/therapeutic use ; },
abstract = {The term "microbiome" refers to the collection of bacterial species that reside in the human body's tissues. Sometimes, it is used to refer to all microbial entities (bacteria, viruses, fungi, and others) which colonize the human body. It is now generally acknowledged that the microbiome plays a critical role in the host's physiological processes and general well-being. Changes in the structure and/or function of the microbiome (dysbiosis) are linked to the development of many diseases including cancer. The claim that because of their negatively charged membrane, cancer cells are more vulnerable to some bacteria than normal cells and that is how the link between these bacteria and cancer evolved has been refuted. Furthermore, the relationship between the microbiome and cancer is more evident in the emerging field of cancer immunotherapy. In this narrative review, we detailed the correlation between the presence/absence of specific bacterial species and the development, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of some types of cancer including colorectal, lung, breast, and prostate cancer. In addition, we discussed the mechanisms of microbiome-cancer interactions including genotoxin production, the role of free radicals, modification of signaling pathways in host cells, immune modulation, and modulation of drug metabolism by microbiome. Future directions and clinical application of microbiome in the early detection, prognosis, and treatment of cancer emphasizing on the role of fecal transplantation, probiotics, prebiotics, and microbiome biomarkers were also considered.},
}

Humans
*Neoplasms/therapy/microbiology/diagnosis
*Dysbiosis
*Microbiota
Bacteria/classification/genetics
Probiotics/therapeutic use

@article {pmid39606629,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhang, Z and Yang, M and Zhou, T and Chen, Y and Zhou, X and Long, K},
title = {Emerging trends and hotspots in intestinal microbiota research in sepsis: bibliometric analysis.},
journal = {Frontiers in medicine},
volume = {11},
number = {},
pages = {1510463},
pmid = {39606629},
issn = {2296-858X},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The association between the gut microbiota and sepsis has garnered attention in the field of intestinal research in sepsis. This study utilizes bibliometric methods to visualize and analyze the literature on gut microbiota research in sepsis from 2011 to 2024, providing a scientific foundation for research directions and key issues in this domain.

METHODS: Original articles and reviews of gut microbiota research in sepsis, which published in English between 2011 and 2024, were obtained from the Web of Science Core Collection on June 21, 2024. Python, VOSviewer, and CiteSpace software were used for the visual analysis of the retrieved data.

RESULTS: A total of 1,031 articles were analyzed, originating from 72 countries or regions, 1,614 research institutions, and 6,541 authors. The articles were published in 434 different journals, covering 89 different research fields. The number of publications and citations in this research area showed a significant growth trend from 2011 to 2024, with China, the United States, and the United Kingdom being the main research forces. Asada Leelahavanichkul from Thailand was identified as the most prolific author, making him the most authoritative expert in this field. "Nutrients" had the highest number of publications, while "Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology," "Frontiers in Immunology" and "the International Journal of Molecular Sciences" have shown increasing attention to this field in the past 2 years. Author keywords appearing more than 100 times included "gut microbiota (GM)," "sepsis" and "microbiota." Finally, this study identified "lipopolysaccharides (LPS)," "short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs)," "probiotics," "fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT)" and "gut-liver axis" as the research hotspots and potential frontier directions in this field.

CONCLUSION: This bibliometric study summarizes current important perspectives and offers comprehensive guidance between sepsis and intestinal microbiota, which may help researchers choose the most appropriate research directions.},
}

@article {pmid39605286,
year = {2024},
author = {Yerushalmy-Feler, A and Spencer, EA and Dolinger, MT and Suskind, DL and Mitrova, K and Hradsky, O and Conrad, MA and Kelsen, JR and Uhlig, HH and Tzivinikos, C and Ancona, S and Wlazlo, M and Hackl, L and Shouval, DS and Bramuzzo, M and Urlep, D and Olbjorn, C and D'Arcangelo, G and Pujol-Muncunill, G and Yogev, D and Kang, B and Gasparetto, M and Rungø, C and Kolho, KL and Hojsak, I and Norsa, L and Rinawi, F and Sansotta, N and Magen Rimon, R and Granot, M and Scarallo, L and Trindade, E and Velasco Rodríguez-Belvís, M and Turner, D and Cohen, S},
title = {Upadacitinib for Induction of Remission in Pediatric Ulcerative Colitis: An International Multi‑center Study.},
journal = {Journal of Crohn's & colitis},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjae182},
pmid = {39605286},
issn = {1876-4479},
abstract = {BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Data on upadacitinib therapy in children with ulcerative colitis (UC) or unclassified inflammatory bowel disease (IBD-U) are scarce. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of upadacitinib as an induction therapy in pediatric UC or IBD-U.

METHODS: In this multicenter retrospective study, children treated with upadacitinib for induction of remission of active UC or IBD-U from 30 centers worldwide were enrolled. Demographic, clinical and laboratory data as well as adverse events (AEs) were recorded at week 8 post induction.

RESULTS: One hundred children were included (90 UC and 10 IBD-U, median age 15.6 [interquartile range 13.3-17.1] years). Ninety-eight were previously treated with biologic therapies, and 76 were treated with ≥2 biologics. At the end of the 8-week induction period, clinical response, clinical remission, and corticosteroid-free clinical remission (CFR) were observed in 84%, 62%, and 56% of the children, respectively. Normal C-reactive protein and fecal calprotectin (FC) <150 mcg/g were achieved in 75% and 50%, respectively. Combined CFR and FC remission was observed in 18/46 (39%) children with available data at 8 weeks. AEs were recorded in 37 children, including one serious AE of an appendiceal neuroendocrine tumor. The most frequent AEs were hyperlipidemia (n=13), acne (n=12), and infections (n=10, five of whom with herpes viruses).

CONCLUSION: Upadacitinib is an effective induction therapy for refractory pediatric UC and IBD-U. Efficacy should be weighed against the potential risks of AEs.},
}

@article {pmid39605077,
year = {2024},
author = {Zou, P and Bi, Y and Tong, Z and Wu, T and Li, Q and Wang, K and Fan, Y and Zhao, D and Wang, X and Shao, H and Huang, H and Ma, S and Qian, Y and Zhang, G and Liu, X and Jin, Q and Ru, Q and Qian, Z and Sun, W and Chen, Q and You, L and Wang, F and Zhang, X and Qiu, Z and Lin, Q and Lv, J and Zhang, Y and Geng, J and Mao, R and Liu, J and Zheng, Y and Ding, F and Wang, H and Gao, H},
title = {Comparisons of efficacy and safety of 400 or 800 ml bacterial count fecal microbiota transplantation in the treatment of recurrent hepatic encephalopathy: a multicenter prospective randomized controlled trial in China.},
journal = {Trials},
volume = {25},
number = {1},
pages = {799},
pmid = {39605077},
issn = {1745-6215},
mesh = {Humans ; *Hepatic Encephalopathy/therapy/microbiology ; Prospective Studies ; *Fecal Microbiota Transplantation/adverse effects ; China ; *Quality of Life ; Treatment Outcome ; *Recurrence ; Multicenter Studies as Topic ; Male ; Bacterial Load ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Middle Aged ; Adult ; Female ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) represents a critical complications of end-stage liver disease, serving as an independent predictor of mortality among patients with cirrhosis. Despite effective treatment with rifaximin, some patients with HE still progress to recurrent episodes, posing a significant therapeutic challenge. Recurrent HE is defined as experiencing two or more episodes within a 6-month period. Previous research has suggested that FMT may emerge as a promising treatment for recurrent HE. However, there remains a critical need to explore the optimal dosage. This trial aims to abscess the efficacy and safety of two FMT dosages: 800 ml or 400 ml total bacterial count, including mortality and quality of life.

METHODS: This multicenter, prospective, randomized controlled trial will enroll 100 eligible patients from 31 hospitals in China. Participants will be randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to either the high-dose group (800 ml total bacterial count) or the low-dose group (400 ml total bacterial count). The primary objective is to assess the efficacy and safety of both dosages on outcomes at 24 and 48 weeks, including mortality and quality of life.

DISCUSSION: If either or both dosages of FMT demonstrate safe and effective treatment of recurrent HE, leading to improve quality of life and survival at 24 and 48 weeks, this trial would address a significant gap in the management of recurrent HE, carrying innovative and clinically significant implications.

TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT05669651 on ClinicalTrials.gov. Registered on 29 December 2022. CHiCTR2200067135 on China Registered Clinical Trial Registration Center. Registered on 27 December 2022.},
}

Humans
*Hepatic Encephalopathy/therapy/microbiology
Prospective Studies
*Fecal Microbiota Transplantation/adverse effects
China
*Quality of Life
Treatment Outcome
*Recurrence
Multicenter Studies as Topic
Male
Bacterial Load
Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
Middle Aged
Adult
Female

@article {pmid39269772,
year = {2024},
author = {Rahal, Z and Liu, Y and Peng, F and Yang, S and Jamal, MA and Sharma, M and Moreno, H and Damania, AV and Wong, MC and Ross, MC and Sinjab, A and Zhou, T and Chen, M and Tarifa Reischle, I and Feng, J and Chukwuocha, C and Tang, E and Abaya, C and Lim, JK and Leung, CH and Lin, HY and Deboever, N and Lee, JJ and Sepesi, B and Gibbons, DL and Wargo, JA and Fujimoto, J and Wang, L and Petrosino, JF and Ajami, NJ and Jenq, RR and Moghaddam, SJ and Cascone, T and Hoffman, K and Kadara, H},
title = {Inflammation Mediated by Gut Microbiome Alterations Promotes Lung Cancer Development and an Immunosuppressed Tumor Microenvironment.},
journal = {Cancer immunology research},
volume = {12},
number = {12},
pages = {1736-1752},
doi = {10.1158/2326-6066.CIR-24-0469},
pmid = {39269772},
issn = {2326-6074},
support = {R01 CA205608/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; R01 CA248731/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; R01CA248731//National Cancer Institute (NCI)/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome/immunology ; *Tumor Microenvironment/immunology ; *Lung Neoplasms/immunology/microbiology/pathology ; Mice ; Humans ; *Inflammation/immunology ; Adenocarcinoma of Lung/immunology/microbiology/pathology ; Lipocalin-2/metabolism ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Disease Models, Animal ; Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ; Mice, Knockout ; },
abstract = {Accumulating evidence indicates that the gut microbiome influences cancer progression and therapy. We recently showed that progressive changes in gut microbial diversity and composition are closely coupled with tobacco-associated lung adenocarcinoma in a human-relevant mouse model. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the loss of the antimicrobial protein Lcn2 in these mice exacerbates protumor inflammatory phenotypes while further reducing microbial diversity. Yet, how gut microbiome alterations impinge on lung adenocarcinoma development remains poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the role of gut microbiome changes in lung adenocarcinoma development using fecal microbiota transfer and delineated a pathway by which gut microbiome alterations incurred by loss of Lcn2 fostered the proliferation of proinflammatory bacteria of the genus Alistipes, triggering gut inflammation. This inflammation propagated systemically, exerting immunosuppression within the tumor microenvironment, augmenting tumor growth through an IL6-dependent mechanism and dampening response to immunotherapy. Corroborating our preclinical findings, we found that patients with lung adenocarcinoma with a higher relative abundance of Alistipes species in the gut showed diminished response to neoadjuvant immunotherapy. These insights reveal the role of microbiome-induced inflammation in lung adenocarcinoma and present new potential targets for interception and therapy.},
}

Animals
*Gastrointestinal Microbiome/immunology
*Tumor Microenvironment/immunology
*Lung Neoplasms/immunology/microbiology/pathology
Mice
Humans
*Inflammation/immunology
Adenocarcinoma of Lung/immunology/microbiology/pathology
Lipocalin-2/metabolism
Mice, Inbred C57BL
Disease Models, Animal
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation
Mice, Knockout

@article {pmid39604726,
year = {2024},
author = {Chen-Liaw, A and Aggarwala, V and Mogno, I and Haifer, C and Li, Z and Eggers, J and Helmus, D and Hart, A and Wehkamp, J and Lamousé-Smith, ESN and Kerby, RL and Rey, FE and Colombel, JF and Kamm, MA and Olle, B and Norman, JM and Menon, R and Watson, AR and Crossett, E and Terveer, EM and Keller, JJ and Borody, TJ and Grinspan, A and Paramsothy, S and Kaakoush, NO and Dubinsky, MC and Faith, JJ},
title = {Gut microbiota strain richness is species specific and affects engraftment.},
journal = {Nature},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {39604726},
issn = {1476-4687},
abstract = {Despite the fundamental role of bacterial strain variation in gut microbiota function[1-6], the number of unique strains of a species that can stably colonize the human intestine is still unknown for almost all species. Here we determine the strain richness (SR) of common gut species using thousands of sequenced bacterial isolates with paired metagenomes. We show that SR varies across species, is transferable by faecal microbiota transplantation, and is uniquely low in the gut compared with soil and lake environments. Active therapeutic administration of supraphysiologic numbers of strains per species increases recipient SR, which then converges back to the population average after dosing is ceased. Stratifying engraftment outcomes by high or low SR shows that SR predicts microbial addition or replacement in faecal transplants. Together, these results indicate that properties of the gut ecosystem govern the number of strains of each species colonizing the gut and thereby influence strain addition and replacement in faecal microbiota transplantation and defined live biotherapeutic products.},
}

@article {pmid39604623,
year = {2024},
author = {Procházková, N and Laursen, MF and La Barbera, G and Tsekitsidi, E and Jørgensen, MS and Rasmussen, MA and Raes, J and Licht, TR and Dragsted, LO and Roager, HM},
title = {Gut physiology and environment explain variations in human gut microbiome composition and metabolism.},
journal = {Nature microbiology},
volume = {9},
number = {12},
pages = {3210-3225},
pmid = {39604623},
issn = {2058-5276},
support = {NNF19OC0056246//Novo Nordisk Fonden (Novo Nordisk Foundation)/ ; NNF19OC0056246//Novo Nordisk Fonden (Novo Nordisk Foundation)/ ; NNF19OC0056246//Novo Nordisk Fonden (Novo Nordisk Foundation)/ ; NNF19OC0056246//Novo Nordisk Fonden (Novo Nordisk Foundation)/ ; NNF19OC0056246//Novo Nordisk Fonden (Novo Nordisk Foundation)/ ; NNF19OC0056246//Novo Nordisk Fonden (Novo Nordisk Foundation)/ ; NNF19OC0056246//Novo Nordisk Fonden (Novo Nordisk Foundation)/ ; NNF19OC0056246//Novo Nordisk Fonden (Novo Nordisk Foundation)/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome/physiology ; *Feces/microbiology ; Adult ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Male ; Female ; Bacteria/classification/metabolism/genetics/isolation & purification ; Gastrointestinal Transit/physiology ; Young Adult ; Middle Aged ; Diet ; Fermentation ; Gastrointestinal Tract/microbiology/metabolism ; Methane/metabolism ; Healthy Volunteers ; },
abstract = {The human gut microbiome is highly personal. However, the contribution of gut physiology and environment to variations in the gut microbiome remains understudied. Here we performed an observational trial using multi-omics to profile microbiome composition and metabolism in 61 healthy adults for 9 consecutive days. We assessed day-to-day changes in gut environmental factors and measured whole-gut and segmental intestinal transit time and pH using a wireless motility capsule in a subset of 50 individuals. We observed substantial daily fluctuations, with intra-individual variations in gut microbiome and metabolism associated with changes in stool moisture and faecal pH, and inter-individual variations accounted for by whole-gut and segmental transit times and pH. Metabolites derived from microbial carbohydrate fermentation correlated negatively with the gut passage time and pH, while proteolytic metabolites and breath methane showed a positive correlation. Finally, we identified associations between segmental transit time/pH and coffee-, diet-, host- and microbial-derived metabolites. Our work suggests that gut physiology and environment are key to understanding the individuality of the human gut microbial composition and metabolism.},
}

Humans
*Gastrointestinal Microbiome/physiology
*Feces/microbiology
Adult
Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
Male
Female
Bacteria/classification/metabolism/genetics/isolation & purification
Gastrointestinal Transit/physiology
Young Adult
Middle Aged
Diet
Fermentation
Gastrointestinal Tract/microbiology/metabolism
Methane/metabolism
Healthy Volunteers

@article {pmid39604327,
year = {2024},
author = {Saeed, H and Díaz, LA and Gil-Gómez, A and Burton, J and Bajaj, J and Romero-Gomez, M and Arrese, M and Arab, JP and Khan, MQ},
title = {Microbiome-Centered Therapies for the Management of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease.},
journal = {Clinical and molecular hepatology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3350/cmh.2024.0811},
pmid = {39604327},
issn = {2287-285X},
abstract = {Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a significant global health issue, affecting over 30% of the population worldwide due to the rising prevalence of metabolic risk factors such as obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This spectrum of liver disease ranges from isolated steatosis to more severe forms such as steatohepatitis, fibrosis, and cirrhosis. Recent studies highlight the role of gut microbiota in MASLD pathogenesis, showing that dysbiosis significantly impacts metabolic health and the progression of liver disease. This review critically evaluates current microbiome-centered therapies in MASLD management, including prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), and emerging therapies such as engineered bacteria and bacteriophage therapy. We explore the scientific rationale, clinical evidence, and potential mechanisms by which these interventions influence MASLD. The gut-liver axis is crucial in MASLD, with notable changes in microbiome composition linked to disease progression. For instance, specific microbial profiles and reduced alpha diversity are associated with MASLD severity. Therapeutic strategies targeting the microbiome could modulate disease progression by improving gut permeability, reducing endotoxin-producing bacteria, and altering bile acid metabolism. Although promising, these therapies require further research to fully understand their mechanisms and optimize their efficacy. This review integrates findings from clinical trials and experimental studies, providing a comprehensive overview of microbiome-centered therapies' potential in managing MASLD. Future research should focus on personalized strategies, utilizing microbiome features, blood metabolites, and customized dietary interventions to enhance the effectiveness of these therapies.},
}

@article {pmid39603188,
year = {2024},
author = {Xie, C and Liang, Q and Cheng, J and Yuan, Y and Xie, L and Ji, J},
title = {Transplantation of fecal microbiota from low to high residual feed intake chickens: Impacts on RFI, microbial community and metabolites profiles.},
journal = {Poultry science},
volume = {104},
number = {1},
pages = {104567},
doi = {10.1016/j.psj.2024.104567},
pmid = {39603188},
issn = {1525-3171},
abstract = {Improving feed efficiency is vital to bolster profitability and sustainability in poultry production. Although several studies have established links between gut microbiota and feed efficiency, the direct effects remain unclear. In this study, two distinct lines of Huiyang bearded chickens, exhibiting significant differences in residual feed intake (RFI), were developed after 15 generations of selective breeding. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) from low RFI (LRFI) chickens to high RFI (HRFI) chickens resulted in a reduction trend in RFI, decreasing from 5.65 to 4.49 in the HRFI recipient chickens (HFMT). Microbiota composition and functional profiles in LRFI and HFMT chickens formed a distinct cluster compared to HRFI chickens. Using 16S rDNA sequencing and RandomForest analysis, Slackia, Peptococcus, Blautia, and Dorea were identified as key microbial markers associated with feed efficiency. Additionally, untargeted metabolomics identified common differential metabolites between HFMT and LRFI vs. HRFI groups. Correlation analysis showed significant correlations between these microbial markers and differential metabolites. These findings provide a foundation for microbiome-based strategies to improve feed efficiency in poultry.},
}

@article {pmid39600755,
year = {2024},
author = {Castro-Vidal, ZA and Mathew, F and Ibrahim, AA and Shubhangi, F and Cherian, RR and Choi, HK and Begum, A and Ravula, HK and Giri, H},
title = {The Role of Gastrointestinal Dysbiosis and Fecal Transplantation in Various Neurocognitive Disorders.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {16},
number = {10},
pages = {e72451},
pmid = {39600755},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {This review explores the critical role of the human microbiome in neurological and neurodegenerative disorders, focusing on gut-brain axis dysfunction caused by dysbiosis, an imbalance in gut bacteria. Dysbiosis has been linked to diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease (PD), multiple sclerosis (MS), and stroke. The gut microbiome influences the central nervous system (CNS) through signaling molecules, including short-chain fatty acids, neurotransmitters, and metabolites, impacting brain health and disease progression. Emerging therapies, such as fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), have shown promise in restoring microbial balance and alleviating neurological symptoms, especially in Alzheimer's and PD. Additionally, nutritional interventions such as probiotics, prebiotics, and specialized diets are being investigated for their ability to modify gut microbiota and improve patient outcomes. This review highlights the therapeutic potential of gut microbiota modulation but emphasizes the need for further clinical trials to establish the safety and efficacy of these interventions in neurological and mental health disorders.},
}

@article {pmid39600698,
year = {2024},
author = {Liu, X and Li, B and Liang, L and Han, J and Mai, S and Liu, L},
title = {From microbes to medicine: harnessing the power of the microbiome in esophageal cancer.},
journal = {Frontiers in immunology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1450927},
pmid = {39600698},
issn = {1664-3224},
mesh = {Humans ; *Esophageal Neoplasms/therapy/microbiology/immunology ; *Dysbiosis/therapy/microbiology ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome/immunology ; Animals ; Probiotics/therapeutic use ; Microbiota/immunology ; },
abstract = {Esophageal cancer (EC) is a malignancy with a high incidence and poor prognosis, significantly influenced by dysbiosis in the esophageal, oral, and gut microbiota. This review provides an overview of the roles of microbiota dysbiosis in EC pathogenesis, emphasizing their impact on tumor progression, drug efficacy, biomarker discovery, and therapeutic interventions. Lifestyle factors like smoking, alcohol consumption, and betel nut use are major contributors to dysbiosis and EC development. Recent studies utilizing advanced sequencing have revealed complex interactions between microbiota dysbiosis and EC, with oral pathogens such as Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum promoting inflammation and suppressing immune responses, thereby driving carcinogenesis. Altered esophageal microbiota, characterized by reduced beneficial bacteria and increased pathogenic species, further exacerbate local inflammation and tumor growth. Gut microbiota dysbiosis also affects systemic immunity, influencing chemotherapy and immunotherapy efficacy, with certain bacteria enhancing or inhibiting treatment responses. Microbiota composition shows potential as a non-invasive biomarker for early detection, prognosis, and personalized therapy. Novel therapeutic strategies targeting the microbiota-such as probiotics, dietary modifications, and fecal microbiota transplantation-offer promising avenues to restore balance and improve treatment efficacy, potentially enhancing patient outcomes. Integrating microbiome-focused strategies into current therapeutic frameworks could improve EC management, reduce adverse effects, and enhance patient survival. These findings highlight the need for further research into microbiota-tumor interactions and microbial interventions to transform EC treatment and prevention, particularly in cases of late-stage diagnosis and poor treatment response.},
}

Humans
*Esophageal Neoplasms/therapy/microbiology/immunology
*Dysbiosis/therapy/microbiology
*Gastrointestinal Microbiome/immunology
Animals
Probiotics/therapeutic use
Microbiota/immunology

@article {pmid39600557,
year = {2024},
author = {Wohl, P and Krausova, A and Wohl, P and Fabian, O and Bajer, L and Brezina, J and Drastich, P and Hlavaty, M and Novotna, P and Kahle, M and Spicak, J and Gregor, M},
title = {Limited validity of Mayo endoscopic subscore in ulcerative colitis with concomitant primary sclerosing cholangitis.},
journal = {World journal of gastrointestinal endoscopy},
volume = {16},
number = {11},
pages = {607-616},
pmid = {39600557},
issn = {1948-5190},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Ulcerative colitis (UC) with concomitant primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) represents a distinct disease entity (PSC-UC). Mayo endoscopic subscore (MES) is a standard tool for assessing disease activity in UC but its relevance in PSC-UC remains unclear.

AIM: To assess the accuracy of MES in UC and PSC-UC patients, we performed histological scoring using Nancy histological index (NHI).

METHODS: MES was assessed in 30 PSC-UC and 29 UC adult patients during endoscopy. NHI and inflammation were evaluated in biopsies from the cecum, rectum, and terminal ileum. In addition, perinuclear anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies, fecal calprotectin, body mass index, and other relevant clinical characteristics were collected.

RESULTS: The median MES and NHI were similar for UC patients (MES grade 2 and NHI grade 2 in the rectum) but were different for PSC-UC patients (MES grade 0 and NHI grade 2 in the cecum). There was a correlation between MES and NHI for UC patients (Spearman's r = 0.40, P = 0.029) but not for PSC-UC patients. Histopathological examination revealed persistent microscopic inflammation in 88% of PSC-UC patients with MES grade 0 (46% of all PSC-UC patients). Moreover, MES overestimated the severity of active inflammation in an additional 11% of PSC-UC patients.

CONCLUSION: MES insufficiently identifies microscopic inflammation in PSC-UC. This indicates that histological evaluation should become a routine procedure of the diagnostic and grading system in both PSC-UC and PSC.},
}

@article {pmid39599742,
year = {2024},
author = {Al-Habsi, N and Al-Khalili, M and Haque, SA and Elias, M and Olqi, NA and Al Uraimi, T},
title = {Health Benefits of Prebiotics, Probiotics, Synbiotics, and Postbiotics.},
journal = {Nutrients},
volume = {16},
number = {22},
pages = {},
pmid = {39599742},
issn = {2072-6643},
support = {(SR/AGR/Food/23/01)//His Majesty Trust Funds/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Prebiotics/administration & dosage ; *Probiotics/administration & dosage ; *Synbiotics/administration & dosage ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ; Functional Food ; },
abstract = {The trillions of microbes that constitute the human gut microbiome play a crucial role in digestive health, immune response regulation, and psychological wellness. Maintaining gut microbiota is essential as metabolic diseases are associated with it. Functional food ingredients potentially improving gut health include prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics, and postbiotics (PPSPs). While probiotics are living bacteria that provide health advantages when ingested sufficiently, prebiotics are non-digestible carbohydrates that support good gut bacteria. Synbiotics work together to improve immunity and intestinal health by combining probiotics and prebiotics. Postbiotics have also demonstrated numerous health advantages, such as bioactive molecules created during probiotic fermentation. According to a recent study, PPSPs can regulate the synthesis of metabolites, improve the integrity of the intestinal barrier, and change the gut microbiota composition to control metabolic illnesses. Additionally, the use of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) highlights the potential for restoring gut health through microbiota modulation, reinforcing the benefits of PPSPs in enhancing overall well-being. Research has shown that PPSPs provide several health benefits, such as improved immunological function, alleviation of symptoms associated with irritable bowel disease (IBD), decreased severity of allergies, and antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects. Despite encouraging results, many unanswered questions remain about the scope of PPSPs' health advantages. Extensive research is required to fully realize the potential of these functional food components in enhancing human health and well-being. Effective therapeutic and prophylactic measures require further investigation into the roles of PPSPs, specifically their immune-system-modulating, cholesterol-lowering, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory characteristics.},
}

Humans
*Prebiotics/administration & dosage
*Probiotics/administration & dosage
*Synbiotics/administration & dosage
*Gastrointestinal Microbiome
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation
Functional Food

@article {pmid39598283,
year = {2024},
author = {Mederle, AL and Dima, M and Stoicescu, ER and Căpăstraru, BF and Levai, CM and Hațegan, OA and Maghiari, AL},
title = {Impact of Gut Microbiome Interventions on Glucose and Lipid Metabolism in Metabolic Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.},
journal = {Life (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {14},
number = {11},
pages = {},
pmid = {39598283},
issn = {2075-1729},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The gut microbiome is increasingly recognized as a key player in metabolic health, influencing glucose and lipid metabolism through various mechanisms. However, the efficacy of gut microbiota-targeted interventions, such as probiotics, prebiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), and diet-based treatments, remains unclear for specific metabolic outcomes. In this study, the aim was to evaluate the impact of these interventions on the glucose and lipid parameters in individuals with metabolic diseases such as diabetes mellitus (DM), obesity, and metabolic syndrome.

METHODS: This systematic review and meta-analysis included 41 randomized controlled trials that investigated the effects of gut microbiota-targeted treatments on metabolic parameters such as fasting glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglycerides. A comprehensive search was conducted using databases like PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus, focusing on interventions targeting the gut microbiota. A meta-analysis was performed using random-effects models, with effect sizes calculated for each outcome. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool.

RESULTS: Gut microbiota-targeted interventions significantly reduced fasting glucose, HbA1c, HOMA-IR, total cholesterol, LDL-C, and triglycerides, with moderate heterogeneity observed across studies. The interventions also led to modest increases in HDL-C levels. Probiotic and synbiotic interventions showed the most consistent benefits in improving both glucose and lipid profiles, while FMT yielded mixed results. Short-term interventions showed rapid microbial shifts but less pronounced metabolic improvements, whereas longer-term interventions had more substantial metabolic benefits.

CONCLUSIONS: In this study, it is demonstrated that gut microbiota-targeted interventions can improve key metabolic outcomes, offering a potential therapeutic strategy for managing metabolic diseases. However, the effectiveness of these interventions varies depending on the type, duration, and population characteristics, highlighting the need for further long-term studies to assess the sustained effects of microbiota modulation on metabolic health.},
}

@article {pmid39597729,
year = {2024},
author = {Alexandrescu, L and Suceveanu, AP and Stanigut, AM and Tofolean, DE and Axelerad, AD and Iordache, IE and Herlo, A and Nelson Twakor, A and Nicoara, AD and Tocia, C and Dumitru, A and Dumitru, E and Condur, LM and Aftenie, CF and Tofolean, IT},
title = {Intestinal Insights: The Gut Microbiome's Role in Atherosclerotic Disease: A Narrative Review.},
journal = {Microorganisms},
volume = {12},
number = {11},
pages = {},
pmid = {39597729},
issn = {2076-2607},
abstract = {Recent advances have highlighted the gut microbiota as a significant contributor to the development and progression of atherosclerosis, which is an inflammatory cardiovascular disease (CVD) characterized by plaque buildup within arterial walls. The gut microbiota, consisting of a diverse collection of microorganisms, impacts the host's metabolism, immune responses, and lipid processing, all of which contribute to atherosclerosis. This review explores the complex mechanisms through which gut dysbiosis promotes atherogenesis. We emphasize the potential of integrating microbiota modulation with traditional cardiovascular care, offering a holistic approach to managing atherosclerosis. Important pathways involve the translocation of inflammatory microbial components, modulation of lipid metabolism through metabolites such as trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), and the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) that influence vascular health. Studies reveal distinct microbial profiles in atherosclerosis patients, with increased pathogenic bacteria (Megamonas, Veillonella, Streptococcus) and reduced anti-inflammatory genera (Bifidobacterium, Roseburia), highlighting the potential of these profiles as biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Probiotics are live microorganisms that have health benefits on the host. Prebiotics are non-digestible dietary fibers that stimulate the growth and activity of beneficial gut bacteria. Interventions targeting microbiota, such as probiotics, prebiotics, dietary modifications, and faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), present effective approaches for restoring microbial equilibrium and justifying cardiovascular risk. Future research should focus on longitudinal, multi-omics studies to clarify causal links and refine therapeutic applications.},
}

@article {pmid39597606,
year = {2024},
author = {Qiao, Y and Feng, Q and Wang, Q and Zhao, Q and Zhu, S and Zhao, F and Wang, Z and Zhang, R and Wang, J and Yu, Y and Han, H and Dong, H},
title = {Alteration in the Gut Microbiota of Chickens Resistant to Eimeria tenella Infection.},
journal = {Microorganisms},
volume = {12},
number = {11},
pages = {},
pmid = {39597606},
issn = {2076-2607},
support = {Grant No. 2023YFD18024//National Key Research and Development Program of China/ ; XZ202401ZY0052//Key Research and Development of Science and Technology Plan in Tibet Autonomous Region/ ; Grant No. 32373038//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; NPRC-2019-194-30//National Parasitic Resources Center/ ; },
abstract = {Avian coccidiosis, caused by several species of Eimeria, is a widespread and economically important poultry disease that inflicts severe losses in the poultry industry. Understanding the interplay between Eimeria and gut microbiota is critical for controlling coccidiosis and developing innovative treatments to ensure good poultry health. In the present study, chickens were immunized six times with a low dose of Eimeria tenella, resulting in complete immunity against Eimeria infection. The results of fecal microbiota transplantation showed that the gut microbiota of immunized chickens induced a certain degree of resistance to coccidial infection. To investigate the types of intestinal microbiota involved in the development of resistance to Eimeria, the intestinal contents and fecal samples from both immunized and unimmunized groups were collected for 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The results showed that, at the genus level, the abundance of the Eubacterium coprostanoligenes group, Erysipelatoclostridium, Shuttleworthia, and Colidextribacter was significantly increased in the intestinal content of immunized chickens, whereas the abundance of Eisenbergiella was significantly decreased. In fecal samples, the abundance of Clostridiaceae and Muribaculaceae significantly increased, whereas that of Bacillales significantly decreased. These findings will help to elucidate the interactions between E. tenella and the gut microbiota of chickens, providing a basis for isolating E. tenella-resistant strains from the gut microbiome and developing new vaccines against coccidiosis.},
}

@article {pmid39597084,
year = {2024},
author = {Ko, Y and Alaedin, S and Fernando, D and Zhou, J and Ho, V},
title = {A Review of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in Children-Exploring Its Role in the Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases.},
journal = {Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania)},
volume = {60},
number = {11},
pages = {},
pmid = {39597084},
issn = {1648-9144},
mesh = {Humans ; *Fecal Microbiota Transplantation/methods ; Child ; *Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/therapy/microbiology ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Treatment Outcome ; },
abstract = {Background and Objectives: There is an increasing use of fecal matter transplantation (FMT) worldwide as research into the impact of the gut microbiome in various disease states is growing. FMT is the transfer of stool from a healthy human donor to a patient for the purpose of restoring intestinal dysbiosis. This review will assess the efficacy and safety of FMT in the treatment of pediatric inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) and explore the future directions of the use of FMT in children. Materials and Methods: A systematic review was performed where a literature search of publications published prior to 15 September 2023 was performed. Efficacy outcomes and safety data as well as microbiome analysis were reviewed from the studies where applicable. Results: Nine studies on UC and two studies on CD satisfied eligibility criteria and individually analysed. Most of the studies provided microbiome analyses. Conclusions: FMT is a safe treatment for paediatric IBD, and is shown to be effective in inducing clinical response by some studies. However the lack of randomized controlled trials limited the results of our study.},
}

Humans
*Fecal Microbiota Transplantation/methods
Child
*Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/therapy/microbiology
Gastrointestinal Microbiome
Treatment Outcome

@article {pmid39596154,
year = {2024},
author = {Sevcikova, A and Martiniakova, M and Omelka, R and Stevurkova, V and Ciernikova, S},
title = {The Link Between the Gut Microbiome and Bone Metastasis.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {25},
number = {22},
pages = {},
pmid = {39596154},
issn = {1422-0067},
support = {2/0069/22//Scientific Grant Agency of the Ministry of Education, Research, Development, and Youth of the Slovak Republic and Slovak Academy of Sciences (VEGA)/ ; 1/0071/24//Scientific Grant Agency of the Ministry of Education, Research, Development, and Youth of the Slovak Republic and Slovak Academy of Sciences/ ; KEGA 034UKF-4/2022//Ministry of Education, Research, Development, and Youth of the Slovak Republic/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; *Bone Neoplasms/secondary/microbiology ; Animals ; Dysbiosis/microbiology ; Probiotics ; },
abstract = {The gut microbiome is essential for regulating host metabolism, defending against pathogens, and shaping the host's immune system. Mounting evidence highlights that disruption in gut microbial communities significantly impacts cancer development and treatment. Moreover, tumor-associated microbiota, along with its metabolites and toxins, may contribute to cancer progression by promoting epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, angiogenesis, and metastatic spread to distant organs. Bones, in particular, are common sites for metastasis due to a rich supply of growth and neovascularization factors and extensive blood flow, especially affecting patients with thyroid, prostate, breast, lung, and kidney cancers, where bone metastases severely reduce the quality of life. While the involvement of the gut microbiome in bone metastasis formation is still being explored, proposed mechanisms suggest that intestinal dysbiosis may alter the bone microenvironment via the gut-immune-bone axis, fostering a premetastatic niche and immunosuppressive milieu suitable for cancer cell colonization. Disruption in the delicate balance of bone modeling and remodeling may further create a favorable environment for metastatic growth. This review focuses on the link between beneficial or dysbiotic microbiome composition and bone homeostasis, as well as the role of the microbiome in bone metastasis development. It also provides an overview of clinical trials evaluating the impact of gut microbial community structure on bone parameters across various conditions or health-related issues. Dietary interventions and microbiota modulation via probiotics, prebiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation help support bone health and might offer promising strategies for addressing bone-related complications in cancer.},
}

Humans
*Gastrointestinal Microbiome
*Bone Neoplasms/secondary/microbiology
Animals
Dysbiosis/microbiology
Probiotics

@article {pmid39595097,
year = {2024},
author = {López-Tenorio, II and Aguilar-Villegas, ÓR and Espinoza-Palacios, Y and Segura-Real, L and Peña-Aparicio, B and Amedei, A and Aguirre-García, MM},
title = {Primary Prevention Strategy for Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) and Their Risk Factors: The Role of Intestinal Microbiota.},
journal = {Biomedicines},
volume = {12},
number = {11},
pages = {},
pmid = {39595097},
issn = {2227-9059},
support = {CF 2023-2024 -734//Consejo Nacional de Humanidades, Ciencias y Tecnologías/ ; IN21222//Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México/ ; },
abstract = {Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. These conditions have numerous health consequences and significantly impact patients' lifestyles. Effective long-term treatment is essential since NCDs are irreversible. Therefore, primary healthcare must be both exclusive and of the highest quality, ensuring comprehensive care. The primary goal should be to improve quality of life with a focus on patients, families, and communities, as most of these diseases can be prevented and controlled, although not cured. Several factors have been linked to individual health, including social, cultural, and economic aspects, lifestyle, and certain environmental factors, including work, that can have positive or negative effects. More of these variables may contribute to the onset of NCDs, which are defined by their chronic nature, propensity for prolongation, and generally slow rate of progression. Examples of NCDs include hypertension, type 2 diabetes (T2D), dyslipidemia, and fatty liver disease linked to metabolic dysfunction. The onset of these diseases has been associated with an imbalance in certain microbial niches, such as the gut, which hosts billions of microorganisms performing multiple metabolic functions, such as the production of metabolites like bile acids (BAs), short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO). Therefore, lifestyle changes and personal habits can significantly impact the gut microbiota (GM), potentially preventing chronic diseases associated with metabolism. NCDs are highly prevalent worldwide, prompting increased attention to strategies for modifying the intestinal microbiota (IM). Approaches such as probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and fecal transplantation (FMT) have demonstrated improvements in the quality of life for individuals with these conditions. Additionally, lifestyle changes and the adoption of healthy habits can significantly impact IM and may help prevent chronic diseases related to metabolism. Therefore, the main aim of this review is to analyze and understand the importance of microbiota intervention in the prevention of non-communicable diseases. R3:A1.},
}

@article {pmid39594528,
year = {2024},
author = {Scarpellini, E and Scarcella, M and Tack, JF and Scarlata, GGM and Zanetti, M and Abenavoli, L},
title = {Gut Microbiota and Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease.},
journal = {Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {13},
number = {11},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/antiox13111386},
pmid = {39594528},
issn = {2076-3921},
abstract = {Background: The gut microbiota constitutes a complex microorganism community that harbors bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, and archaea. The human gut bacterial microbiota has been extensively proven to participate in human metabolism, immunity, and nutrient absorption. Its imbalance, namely "dysbiosis", has been linked to disordered metabolism. Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is one of the features of deranged human metabolism and is the leading cause of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Thus, there is a pathophysiological link between gut dysbiosis and MASLD. Aims and Methods: We aimed to review the literature data on the composition of the human bacterial gut microbiota and its dysbiosis in MASLD and describe the concept of the "gut-liver axis". Moreover, we reviewed the approaches for gut microbiota modulation in MASLD treatment. Results: There is consolidated evidence of particular gut dysbiosis associated with MASLD and its stages. The model explaining the relationship between gut microbiota and the liver has a bidirectional organization, explaining the physiopathology of MASLD. Oxidative stress is one of the keystones in the pathophysiology of MASLD and fibrosis generation. There is promising and consolidated evidence for the efficacy of pre- and probiotics in reversing gut dysbiosis in MASLD patients, with therapeutic effects. Few yet encouraging data on fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in MASLD are available in the literature. Conclusions: The gut dysbiosis characteristic of MASLD is a key target in its reversal and treatment via diet, pre/probiotics, and FMT treatment. Oxidative stress modulation remains a promising target for MASLD treatment, prevention, and reversal.},
}

@article {pmid39593402,
year = {2024},
author = {Tian, B and Pan, Y and Zhang, X and Wu, Y and Luo, X and Yang, K},
title = {Etiolated-green tea attenuates colonic barrier dysfunction and inflammation in high-fat diet-induced mice by modulating gut microbiota.},
journal = {Food research international (Ottawa, Ont.)},
volume = {197},
number = {Pt 1},
pages = {115192},
doi = {10.1016/j.foodres.2024.115192},
pmid = {39593402},
issn = {1873-7145},
mesh = {Animals ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects ; *Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects ; *Tea/chemistry ; Mice ; Male ; *Colon/microbiology/metabolism/drug effects ; *Mice, Inbred C57BL ; *Inflammation ; Fatty Acids, Volatile/metabolism ; Dysbiosis ; Obesity/metabolism ; NF-kappa B/metabolism ; Intestinal Mucosa/metabolism/drug effects ; Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ; Toll-Like Receptor 4/metabolism ; Signal Transduction/drug effects ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/metabolism ; Tight Junctions/drug effects/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Colonic barrier dysfunction and inflammation arising from dysbiosis gut microbiota (GM) are strongly associated with a high-fat diet (HFD). Yellow leaf green tea (YLGT), a novel variety of etiolated-green tea, improving the intestinal barrier and inflammation is related to the regulation of GM disorders. To explore the ameliorative mechanism of YLGT, mice were fed an HFD with or without YLGT at doses of 150, 300, and 450 mg kg[-1] for 12 weeks. YLGT rectified the GM imbalance, enriched short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria and gut SCFA contents, activated G protein-coupled receptors, inhibited TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway, strengthened the tight junction, and repaired the damaged intestinal barrier. The fecal microbiota transplantation experiment further confirmed that the GM was a key element in the anti-obesity and anti-intestinal inflammation effect of YLGT. YLGT has great promise in attenuating obesity-induced intestinal dysfunction. This research provides novel insights into the new mechanism of YLGT on HFD-induced obesity.},
}

Animals
*Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects
*Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects
*Tea/chemistry
Mice
Male
*Colon/microbiology/metabolism/drug effects
*Mice, Inbred C57BL
*Inflammation
Fatty Acids, Volatile/metabolism
Dysbiosis
Obesity/metabolism
NF-kappa B/metabolism
Intestinal Mucosa/metabolism/drug effects
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation
Toll-Like Receptor 4/metabolism
Signal Transduction/drug effects
Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/metabolism
Tight Junctions/drug effects/metabolism

@article {pmid39592752,
year = {2024},
author = {Chatthanathon, P and Leelahavanichkul, A and Cheibchalard, T and Wilantho, A and Hirankarn, N and Somboonna, N},
title = {Author Correction: Comparative time-series analyses of gut microbiome profiles in genetically and chemically induced lupus-prone mice and the impacts of fecal transplantation.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {14},
number = {1},
pages = {29391},
doi = {10.1038/s41598-024-79960-5},
pmid = {39592752},
issn = {2045-2322},
}

@article {pmid39592644,
year = {2024},
author = {Hunthai, S and Usawachintachit, M and Taweevisit, M and Srisa-Art, M and Anegkamol, W and Tosukhowong, P and Rattanachaisit, P and Chuaypen, N and Dissayabutra, T},
title = {Publisher Correction: Unraveling the role of gut microbiota by fecal microbiota transplantation in rat model of kidney stone disease.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {14},
number = {1},
pages = {29360},
doi = {10.1038/s41598-024-78864-8},
pmid = {39592644},
issn = {2045-2322},
}

@article {pmid39592438,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhang, S and Wen, H and Chen, Y and Ning, J and Hu, D and Dong, Y and Yao, C and Yuan, B and Yang, S},
title = {Crosstalk between gut microbiota and tumor: tumors could cause gut dysbiosis and metabolic imbalance.},
journal = {Molecular oncology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/1878-0261.13763},
pmid = {39592438},
issn = {1878-0261},
support = {82303747//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 2020GXLH-Y-010//Key Research and Development Projects of Shaanxi Province/ ; 2022JM-509//Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi Province/ ; },
abstract = {Gut microbiota has a proven link with the development and treatment of cancer. However, the causality between gut microbiota and cancer development is still unknown and deserves exploration. In this study, we aimed to explore the alterations in gut microbiota in murine tumor models and the crosstalk between the tumor and the gut microbiota. The subcutaneous and intravenous murine tumor models using both the colorectal cancer cell line MC38 and lung cancer cell line LLC were constructed. Then fecal samples before and after tumor inoculation were collected for whole metagenomics sequencing. Both subcutaneous and metastatic tumors markedly elevated the α-diversity of the gut microbiota. Relative abundance of Ligilactobacillus and Lactobacillus was reduced after subcutaneously inoculating tumor cells, whereas Bacteroides and Duncaniella were reduced in metastatic tumors, regardless of tumor type. At the species level, Lachnospiraceae bacterium was enriched after both subcutaneous and intravenous tumors inoculation, whereas levels of Muribaculaceae bacterium Isolate-110 (HZI), Ligilactobacillus murinus and Bacteroides acidifaciens reduced. Metabolic function analysis showed that the reductive pentose phosphate cycle, urea cycle, ketone body biosynthesis, ectoine biosynthesis, C4-dicarboxylic acid cycle, isoleucine biosynthesis, inosine 5'-monophosphate (IMP), and uridine 5'-monophosphate (UMP) biosynthesis were elevated after tumor inoculation, whereas the cofactor and vitamin biosynthesis were deficient. Principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) showed that subcutaneous and metastatic tumors partially shared the same effect patterns on gut microbiota. Furthermore, fecal microbiota transplantation revealed that this altered microbiota could influence tumor growth. Taken together, this study demonstrated that both colorectal cancer (MC38) and non-colorectal cancer (LLC) can cause gut dysbiosis and metabolic imbalance, regardless of tumor type and process of tumor inoculation, and this dysbiosis influenced the tumor growth. This research gives novel insights into the crosstalk between tumors and the gut microbiota.},
}

@article {pmid39591377,
year = {2024},
author = {Tafader, A and Bajaj, JS},
title = {Present and future of fecal microbiome transplantation in cirrhosis.},
journal = {Liver transplantation : official publication of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases and the International Liver Transplantation Society},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1097/LVT.0000000000000542},
pmid = {39591377},
issn = {1527-6473},
abstract = {Over the last few decades, there have been tremendous advances in our understanding of the role of the gut microbiome in cirrhosis and the clinical sequelae that follows. Progressive dysbiosis and immune dysregulation occurs in patients with cirrhosis. In fact, alterations in the gut microbiome occur long before a diagnosis of cirrhosis is made. Understandably, our attention has recently been diverted towards potential modulators of the gut microbiome and the gut-liver axis as targets for treatment. The goal of this review is to highlight the utility of manipulating the gut microbiome with a focus on fecal microbiome transplantation (FMT) in patients with cirrhosis. In addition, we will provide an overview of disease-specific microbial alterations and the resultant impact this has on cirrhosis-related complications.},
}

@article {pmid39590350,
year = {2024},
author = {Chen, Z and Liao, Y and Chai, S and Yang, Y and Ga, Q and Ge, R and Wang, S and Liu, S},
title = {Modification of Intestinal Flora Can Improve Host Metabolism and Alleviate the Damage Caused by Chronic Hypoxia.},
journal = {Current issues in molecular biology},
volume = {46},
number = {11},
pages = {12733-12745},
pmid = {39590350},
issn = {1467-3045},
support = {[2130122.1779.36]//Qinghai Province Cattle Industry Science and Technology Innovation Platform under Grant/ ; },
abstract = {Prolonged exposure to hypoxic conditions can lead to reduced appetite, stunted growth, systemic inflammation, and pulmonary hypertension. Previous studies have indicated a correlation between gut dysbiosis and the development of hypoxia-related hazards. We designed an experiment to investigate the effect of microbiota on mitigating hypoxic damage. Gut microbiota from high-altitude-adapted species (Ochotona curzoniae) were transplanted into Sprague Dawley (SD) rats, which were then housed in a simulated 6000 m altitude environment for 30 days. After the experiment, we conducted analyses on average daily weight gain (ADG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP), gut flora, and fecal metabolism. The results demonstrated that the ADG in the transplantation group (2.98 ± 0.17 g) was significantly higher than in the control groups (2.68 ± 0.19 g and 2.26 ± 0.13 g) (p < 0.05). The FCR was reduced in the transplantation group (6.30 ± 0.33 g) compared to the control groups (8.20 ± 1.15 g and 8.83 ± 0.45 g) (p < 0.05). The mPAP was decreased in the transplantation group (38.1 ± 1.13 mmHg) compared to the control groups (43.4 ± 1.30 mmHg and 43.5 ± 1.22 mmHg) (p < 0.05). Multi-omics analysis revealed that Lachnospiraceae, Desulfovibrionaceae, and specific amino acid metabolic pathways play crucial roles in hypoxia and are associated with both inflammation and nutritional metabolism. This study proposes a novel approach to the treatment of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension and holds potential significance for improving high-altitude developmental potential.},
}

@article {pmid39589553,
year = {2025},
author = {Kellogg, TD and Ceglia, S and Mortzfeld, BM and Tanna, TM and Zeamer, AL and Mancini, MR and Foley, SE and Ward, DV and Bhattarai, SK and McCormick, BA and Reboldi, A and Bucci, V},
title = {Succinate-producing microbiota drives tuft cell hyperplasia to protect against Clostridioides difficile.},
journal = {The Journal of experimental medicine},
volume = {222},
number = {1},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1084/jem.20232055},
pmid = {39589553},
issn = {1540-9538},
support = {PRMP W81XWH2020013//Congressionally Directed Medical Research Programs/ ; /GATES/Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation/United States ; U01AI172987/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; //Kenneth Rainin Foundation/ ; //American Association of Immunologists/ ; //Charles A. King Trust/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Clostridioides difficile ; Mice ; *Succinic Acid/metabolism ; *Hyperplasia ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; *Clostridium Infections/microbiology/metabolism ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Colon/microbiology/pathology/metabolism ; Mice, Knockout ; Cytokines/metabolism ; Tuft Cells ; },
abstract = {The role of microbes and their metabolites in modulating tuft cell (TC) dynamics in the large intestine and the relevance of this pathway to infections is unknown. Here, we uncover that microbiome-driven colonic TC hyperplasia protects against Clostridioides difficile infection. Using selective antibiotics, we demonstrate increased type 2 cytokines and TC hyperplasia in the colon but not in the ileum. We demonstrate the causal role of the microbiome in modulating this phenotype using fecal matter transplantation and administration of consortia of succinate-producing bacteria. Administration of succinate production-deficient microbes shows a reduced response in a Pou2f3-dependent manner despite similar intestinal colonization. Finally, antibiotic-treated mice prophylactically administered with succinate-producing bacteria show increased protection against C. difficile-induced morbidity and mortality. This effect is nullified in Pou2f3-/- mice, confirming that the protection occurs via the TC pathway. We propose that activation of TCs by the microbiota in the colon is a mechanism evolved by the host to counterbalance microbiome-derived cues that facilitate invasion by pathogens.},
}

Animals
*Clostridioides difficile
Mice
*Succinic Acid/metabolism
*Hyperplasia
*Gastrointestinal Microbiome
*Clostridium Infections/microbiology/metabolism
Mice, Inbred C57BL
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation
Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology
Colon/microbiology/pathology/metabolism
Mice, Knockout
Cytokines/metabolism
Tuft Cells

@article {pmid39589476,
year = {2024},
author = {Ma, G and Chen, Z and Li, Z and Xiao, X},
title = {Unveiling the neonatal gut microbiota: exploring the influence of delivery mode on early microbial colonization and intervention strategies.},
journal = {Archives of gynecology and obstetrics},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {39589476},
issn = {1432-0711},
support = {No. 81771664//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
abstract = {Recent research has emphasized the critical importance of establishing the neonatal gut microbiota for overall health and immune system development, prompting deeper studies about the early formation of neonatal gut microbiota and its influencing factors. Various factors, including maternal and environmental factors, affect the early formation of neonatal gut microbiota, in which delivery mode has been considered as one of the most crucial influencing factors. In recent years, the increasing trend of cesarean section during childbirth has become a serious challenge for global public health. This review thoroughly analyzes the effects of vaginal delivery and cesarean section on the establishment of neonatal gut microbiota and the potential long-term impacts. In addition, we analyze and discuss interventions such as probiotics, prebiotics, vaginal seeding, fecal microbiota transplantation, and breastfeeding to address the colonization defects of the neonatal gut microbiota caused by cesarean section, aiming to provide theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of colonization defects and related diseases in infants caused by cesarean section in clinical practice and to provide a theoretical foundation for optimizing the development of neonatal gut microbiota.},
}

@article {pmid39589434,
year = {2024},
author = {Liu, L and Zhu, JW and Wu, JL and Li, MZ and Lu, ML and Yu, Y and Pan, L},
title = {Insomnia and intestinal microbiota: a narrative review.},
journal = {Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung},
volume = {29},
number = {1},
pages = {10},
pmid = {39589434},
issn = {1522-1709},
support = {No. ZR2021MH360//Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province/ ; No. 82370092//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; No. 2023SHFZ033//Science and Technology Innovation Project of Binzhou Social Development/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome/physiology ; *Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders/therapy/physiopathology/microbiology ; Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ; Brain-Gut Axis/physiology ; Probiotics/therapeutic use ; },
abstract = {PURPOSE: The intestinal microbiota and insomnia interact through the microbiota-gut-brain axis. The purpose of this review is to summarize and analyze the changes of intestinal microbiota in insomnia, the interaction mechanisms between intestinal microbiota and insomnia and the treatment methods based on the role of microbiota regulation in insomnia, in order to reveal the feasibility of artificial intervention of intestinal microbiota to improve insomnia.

METHODS: Pubmed/ Embase were searched through March 2024 to explore the relevant studies, which included the gut microbiota characteristics of insomnia patients, the mechanisms of interaction between insomnia and gut microbiota, and the relationship between gut microbiota and insomnia treatment.

RESULTS: Numerous studies implicated insomnia could induce intestinal microbiota disorder by activating the immune response, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, the neuroendocrine system, and affecting bacterial metabolites, resulting in intestinal ecological imbalance, intestinal barrier destruction and increased permeability. The intestinal microbiota exerted an influence on the central nervous system through its interactions with intestinal neurons, releasing neurotransmitters and inflammatory factors, which in turn, can exacerbate symptoms of insomnia. Artificial interventions of gut microbiota included probiotics, traditional Chinese medicine, fecal microbiota transplantation, diet and exercise, whose main pathway of action is to improve sleep by affecting the release of neurotransmitters and gut microbial metabolites.

CONCLUSION: There is an interaction between insomnia and gut microbiota, and it is feasible to diagnose and treat insomnia by focusing on changes in the gut microbiota of patients with insomnia. Large cross-sectional studies and fecal transplant microbiota studies are still needed in the future to validate its safety and efficacy.},
}

Humans
*Gastrointestinal Microbiome/physiology
*Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders/therapy/physiopathology/microbiology
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation
Brain-Gut Axis/physiology
Probiotics/therapeutic use

@article {pmid39588934,
year = {2024},
author = {Gil-Gómez, A and Muñoz-Hernández, R and Martínez, F and Jiménez, F and Romero-Gómez, M},
title = {Hepatic encephalopathy: experimental drugs in development and therapeutic potential.},
journal = {Expert opinion on investigational drugs},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-12},
doi = {10.1080/13543784.2024.2434053},
pmid = {39588934},
issn = {1744-7658},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) presents a complex pathophysiology, creating multiple potential treatment avenues. This review covers current and emerging treatments for HE.

AREAS COVERED: Standard therapies, including non-absorbable disaccharides and rifaximin, are widely used but show inconsistent efficacy. Alternatives such as polyethylene glycol and L-ornithine L-aspartate have been effective in certain cases. Advancements in understanding HE reveal a growing need for personalized treatments. Novel approaches targeting immune modulation and neuroinflammation are under investigation, though clinical translation is slow. Nutritional interventions and fecal microbiota transplantation show potential but lack robust evidence. Innovative therapies like gene and cell therapies, as well as extracellular vesicles from mesenchymal stem cells, present promising avenues for liver disease treatment, potentially benefiting HE.

EXPERT OPINION: A key challenge in HE research is the design of randomized clinical trials, which often suffer from small sample sizes, heterogeneity in patient population, and inconsistent blinding. Additionally, the multifactorial nature of HE, together with a high spontaneous response rate, complicates efforts to isolate treatment effects. Despite current limitations, ongoing research and technological advances hold promise for more effective and individualized HE treatments in the future.},
}

@article {pmid39588716,
year = {2024},
author = {Tiwari, A and Ika Krisnawati, D and Susilowati, E and Mutalik, C and Kuo, TR},
title = {Next-Generation Probiotics and Chronic Diseases: A Review of Current Research and Future Directions.},
journal = {Journal of agricultural and food chemistry},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1021/acs.jafc.4c08702},
pmid = {39588716},
issn = {1520-5118},
abstract = {The burgeoning field of microbiome research has profoundly reshaped our comprehension of human health, particularly highlighting the potential of probiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) as therapeutic interventions. While the benefits of traditional probiotics are well-recognized, the efficacy and mechanisms remain ambiguous, and FMT's long-term effects are still being investigated. Recent advancements in high-throughput sequencing have identified gut microbes with significant health benefits, paving the way for next-generation probiotics (NGPs). These NGPs, engineered through synthetic biology and bioinformatics, are designed to address specific disease states with enhanced stability and viability. This review synthesizes current research on NGP stability, challenges in delivery, and their applications in preventing and treating chronic diseases such as diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular diseases. We explore the physiological characteristics, safety profiles, and mechanisms of action of various NGP strains while also addressing the challenges and opportunities presented by their integration into clinical practice. The potential of NGPs to revolutionize microbiome-based therapies and improve clinical outcomes is immense, underscoring the need for further research to optimize their efficacy and ensure their safety.},
}